naginterfaces.library.stat.prob_vonmises¶
- naginterfaces.library.stat.prob_vonmises(t, vk)[source]¶
prob_vonmises
returns the probability associated with the lower tail of the von Mises distribution between and through the function name.For full information please refer to the NAG Library document for g01er
https://support.nag.com/numeric/nl/nagdoc_30.1/flhtml/g01/g01erf.html
- Parameters
- tfloat
, the observed von Mises statistic measured in radians.
- vkfloat
The concentration parameter , of the von Mises distribution.
- Returns
- pfloat
The probability associated with the lower tail of the von Mises distribution between and .
- Raises
- NagValueError
- (errno )
On entry, .
Constraint: .
- Notes
The von Mises distribution is a symmetric distribution used in the analysis of circular data. The lower tail area of this distribution on the circle with mean direction and concentration parameter kappa, , can be written as
where is reduced modulo so that and . Note that if then
prob_vonmises
returns a probability of . For very small the distribution is almost the uniform distribution, whereas for all the probability is concentrated at one point.The method of calculation for small involves backwards recursion through a series expansion in terms of modified Bessel functions, while for large an asymptotic Normal approximation is used.
In the case of small the series expansion of Pr(: ) can be expressed as
where is the modified Bessel function. This series expansion can be represented as a nested expression of terms involving the modified Bessel function ratio ,
which is calculated using backwards recursion.
For large values of (see Accuracy) an asymptotic Normal approximation is used. The angle is transformed to the nearly Normally distributed variate ,
where
and is computed from a continued fraction approximation. An approximation to order of the asymptotic normalizing series for is then used. Finally the Normal probability integral is evaluated.
For a more detailed analysis of the methods used see Hill (1977).
- References
Hill, G W, 1977, Algorithm 518: Incomplete Bessel function : The Von Mises distribution, ACM Trans. Math. Software (3), 279–284
Mardia, K V, 1972, Statistics of Directional Data, Academic Press