naginterfaces.library.contab.chisq¶
- naginterfaces.library.contab.chisq(nobs)[source]¶
chisq
computes statistics for a two-way contingency table. For a table with a small number of observations exact probabilities are computed.For full information please refer to the NAG Library document for g11aa
https://support.nag.com/numeric/nl/nagdoc_30.2/flhtml/g11/g11aaf.html
- Parameters
- nobsint, array-like, shape
The contingency table must contain , for , for .
- Returns
- exptfloat, ndarray, shape
The table of expected values. contains , for , for .
- chistfloat, ndarray, shape
The table of contributions. contains , for , for .
- probfloat
If , and then contains the two tail significance level for Fisher’s exact test, otherwise contains the significance level from the Pearson statistic.
- chifloat
The Pearson statistic.
- gfloat
The likelihood ratio test statistic.
- dffloat
The degrees of freedom for the statistics.
- Raises
- NagValueError
- (errno )
On entry, .
Constraint: .
- (errno )
On entry, .
Constraint: .
- (errno )
On entry, all elements of .
- (errno )
On entry, , and .
Constraint: .
- (errno )
On entry, a table has a row or column with both values zero.
- Warns
- NagAlgorithmicWarning
- (errno )
At least one cell has an expected frequency, .
- Notes
In the NAG Library the traditional C interface for this routine uses a different algorithmic base. Please contact NAG if you have any questions about compatibility.
For a set of observations classified by two variables, with and levels respectively, a two-way table of frequencies with rows and columns can be computed.
To measure the association between the two classification variables two statistics that can be used are, the Pearson statistic, , and the likelihood ratio test statistic, , where are the fitted values from the model that assumes the effects due to the classification variables are additive, i.e., there is no association. These values are the expected cell frequencies and are given by
Under the hypothesis of no association between the two classification variables, both these statistics have, approximately, a -distribution with degrees of freedom. This distribution is arrived at under the assumption that the expected cell frequencies, , are not too small. For a discussion of this point see Everitt (1977). He concludes by saying, ‘… in the majority of cases the chi-square criterion may be used for tables with expectations in excess of in the smallest cell’.
In the case of the table, i.e., and , the approximation can be improved by using Yates’ continuity correction factor. This decreases the absolute value of by . For tables with a small value of the exact probabilities from Fisher’s test are computed. These are based on the hypergeometric distribution and are computed using
stat.prob_hypergeom
. A two tail probability is computed as , where and are the upper and lower one-tail probabilities from the hypergeometric distribution.
- References
Everitt, B S, 1977, The Analysis of Contingency Tables, Chapman and Hall
Kendall, M G and Stuart, A, 1973, The Advanced Theory of Statistics (Volume 2), (3rd Edition), Griffin