Integer, Intent (In)	::	m, n, k, lda, ldc, lwork
Integer, Intent (Out)	::	info
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In)	::	tau(*)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout)	::	a(lda,), c(ldc,)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out)	::	work(max(1,lwork))
Character (1), Intent (In)	::	vect, side, trans

C Header Interface

#include <nag.h>

void

f08kuf_ (const char *vect, const char *side, const char *trans, const Integer *m, const Integer *n, const Integer *k, Complex a[], const Integer *lda, const Complex tau[], Complex c[], const Integer *ldc, Complex work[], const Integer *lwork, Integer *info, const Charlen length_vect, const Charlen length_side, const Charlen length_trans)

The routine may be called by the names f08kuf, nagf_lapackeig_zunmbr or its LAPACK name zunmbr.

3 Description

f08kuf is intended to be used after a call to f08ksf, which reduces a complex rectangular matrix

A

to real bidiagonal form

B

by a unitary transformation:

A = Q B P^{H}

. f08ksf represents the matrices

Q

and

P^{H}

as products of elementary reflectors.

This routine may be used to form one of the matrix products

Q C, Q^{H} C, C Q, C Q^{H}, P C, P^{H} C, C P ​ or ​ C P^{H},

overwriting the result on

C

(which may be any complex rectangular matrix).

4 References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

Note: in the descriptions below,

r

denotes the order of

Q

P^{H}

: if

side ='L'

r = m

and if

side ='R'

r = n

1: $vect$ – Character(1) Input

On entry: indicates whether

Q

Q^{H}

P

P^{H}

is to be applied to

C

$vect ='Q'$: $Q$ or $Q^{H}$ is applied to $C$ .
$vect ='P'$: $P$ or $P^{H}$ is applied to $C$ .

Constraint:

vect ='Q'

'P'

2: $side$ – Character(1) Input

On entry: indicates how

Q

Q^{H}

P

P^{H}

is to be applied to

C

$side ='L'$: $Q$ or $Q^{H}$ or $P$ or $P^{H}$ is applied to $C$ from the left.
$side ='R'$: $Q$ or $Q^{H}$ or $P$ or $P^{H}$ is applied to $C$ from the right.

Constraint:

side ='L'

'R'

3: $trans$ – Character(1) Input

On entry: indicates whether

Q

P

Q^{H}

P^{H}

is to be applied to

C

$trans ='N'$: $Q$ or $P$ is applied to $C$ .
$trans ='C'$: $Q^{H}$ or $P^{H}$ is applied to $C$ .

Constraint:

trans ='N'

'C'

4: $m$ – Integer Input

On entry:

m

, the number of rows of the matrix

C

Constraint:

m \geq 0

5: $n$ – Integer Input

On entry:

n

, the number of columns of the matrix

C

Constraint:

n \geq 0

6: $k$ – Integer Input

On entry: if

vect ='Q'

, the number of columns in the original matrix

A

vect ='P'

, the number of rows in the original matrix

A

Constraint:

k \geq 0

7: $a (lda, *)$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input

Note: the second dimension of the array a must be at least

\max (1, \min (r, k))

vect ='Q'

and at least

\max (1, r)

vect ='P'

On entry: details of the vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by f08ksf.

8: $lda$ – Integer Input

On entry: the first dimension of the array a as declared in the (sub)program from which f08kuf is called.

Constraints:

if $vect ='Q'$ , $lda \geq \max (1, r)$ ;
if $vect ='P'$ , $lda \geq \max (1, \min (r, k))$ .

9: $tau (*)$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input

Note: the dimension of the array tau must be at least

\max (1, \min (r, k))

On entry: further details of the elementary reflectors, as returned by f08ksf in its argument tauq if

vect ='Q'

, or in its argument taup if

vect ='P'

10: $c (ldc, *)$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input/Output

Note: the second dimension of the array c must be at least

\max (1, n)

On entry: the matrix

C

On exit: c is overwritten by

Q C

Q^{H} C

C Q

C^{H} Q

P C

P^{H} C

C P

C^{H} P

as specified by vect, side and trans.

11: $ldc$ – Integer Input

On entry: the first dimension of the array c as declared in the (sub)program from which f08kuf is called.

Constraint:

ldc \geq \max (1, m)

12: $work (\max (1, lwork))$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Workspace

On exit: if

info = 0

, the real part of

work (1)

contains the minimum value of lwork required for optimal performance.

13: $lwork$ – Integer Input

On entry: the dimension of the array work as declared in the (sub)program from which f08kuf is called.

lwork = −1

, a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the work array, returns this value as the first entry of the work array, and no error message related to lwork is issued.

Suggested value: for optimal performance,

lwork \geq n \times nb

side ='L'

and at least

m \times nb

side ='R'

, where

nb

is the optimal block size.

Constraints:

if $side ='L'$ , $lwork \geq \max (1, n)$ or $lwork = −1$ ;
if $side ='R'$ , $lwork \geq \max (1, m)$ or $lwork = −1$ .

14: $info$ – Integer Output

On exit:

info = 0

unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

$info < 0$: If $info = - i$ , argument $i$ had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

7 Accuracy

The computed result differs from the exact result by a matrix

E

such that

{‖ E ‖}_{2} = O (ε) {‖ C ‖}_{2},

where

ε

is the machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.

f08kuf is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.

f08kuf makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.

Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of real floating-point operations is approximately

if $side ='L'$ and $m \geq k$ , $8 n k (2 m - k)$ ;
if $side ='R'$ and $n \geq k$ , $8 m k (2 n - k)$ ;
if $side ='L'$ and $m < k$ , $8 m^{2} n$ ;
if $side ='R'$ and $n < k$ , $8 m n^{2}$ ,

where

k

is the value of the argument k.

The real analogue of this routine is f08kgf.

10 Example

For this routine two examples are presented. Both illustrate how the reduction to bidiagonal form of a matrix

A

may be preceded by a

Q R

L Q

factorization of

A

In the first example,

m > n

, and

A = (\begin{array}{r} 0.96 - 0.81 i & - 0.03 + 0.96 i & - 0.91 + 2.06 i & - 0.05 + 0.41 i \\ - 0.98 + 1.98 i & - 1.20 + 0.19 i & - 0.66 + 0.42 i & - 0.81 + 0.56 i \\ 0.62 - 0.46 i & 1.01 + 0.02 i & 0.63 - 0.17 i & - 1.11 + 0.60 i \\ - 0.37 + 0.38 i & 0.19 - 0.54 i & - 0.98 - 0.36 i & 0.22 - 0.20 i \\ 0.83 + 0.51 i & 0.20 + 0.01 i & - 0.17 - 0.46 i & 1.47 + 1.59 i \\ 1.08 - 0.28 i & 0.20 - 0.12 i & - 0.07 + 1.23 i & 0.26 + 0.26 i \end{array}) .

The routine first performs a

Q R

factorization of

A

A = Q_{a} R

and then reduces the factor

R

to bidiagonal form

B

R = Q_{b} B P^{H}

. Finally it forms

Q_{a}

and calls f08kuf to form

Q = Q_{a} Q_{b}

In the second example,

m < n

, and

A = (\begin{array}{r} 0.28 - 0.36 i & 0.50 - 0.86 i & - 0.77 - 0.48 i & 1.58 + 0.66 i \\ - 0.50 - 1.10 i & - 1.21 + 0.76 i & - 0.32 - 0.24 i & - 0.27 - 1.15 i \\ 0.36 - 0.51 i & - 0.07 + 1.33 i & - 0.75 + 0.47 i & - 0.08 + 1.01 i \end{array}) .

The routine first performs an

L Q

factorization of

A

A = L P_{a}^{H}

and then reduces the factor

L

to bidiagonal form

B

L = Q B P_{b}^{H}

. Finally it forms

P_{b}^{H}

and calls f08kuf to form

P^{H} = P_{b}^{H} P_{a}^{H}

f08ku: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

NAG FL Interfacef08kuf (zunmbr)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG FL Interface
f08kuf (zunmbr)