Note:this routine usesoptional parametersto define choices in the problem specification. If you wish to use default settings for all of the optional parameters, then the option setting routine f12fdf need not be called.
If, however, you wish to reset some or all of the settings please refer to Section 11 in f12fdf for a detailed description of the specification of the optional parameters.
f12fgf is the main solver routine in a suite of routines which includes f12fdfandf12fff. f12fgf must be called following an initial call to f12fff and following any calls to f12fdf.
f12fgf returns approximations to selected eigenvalues, and (optionally) the corresponding eigenvectors, of a standard or generalized eigenvalue problem defined by real banded symmetric matrices. The banded matrix must be stored using the LAPACK storage format for real banded nonsymmetric matrices.
The routine may be called by the names f12fgf or nagf_sparseig_real_symm_band_solve.
3Description
The suite of routines is designed to calculate some of the eigenvalues, , (and optionally the corresponding eigenvectors, ) of a standard eigenvalue problem , or of a generalized eigenvalue problem of order , where is large and the coefficient matrices and are banded, real and symmetric.
Following a call to the initialization routine f12fff, f12fgf returns the converged approximations to eigenvalues and (optionally) the corresponding approximate eigenvectors and/or an orthonormal basis for the associated approximate invariant subspace. The eigenvalues (and eigenvectors) are selected from those of a standard or generalized eigenvalue problem defined by real banded symmetric matrices. There is negligible additional computational cost to obtain eigenvectors; an orthonormal basis is always computed, but there is an additional storage cost if both are requested.
The banded matrices and must be stored using the LAPACK storage format for banded nonsymmetric matrices; please refer to Section 3.3.2 in the F07 Chapter Introduction for details on this storage format.
f12fgf is based on the banded driver routines dsbdr1 to dsbdr6 from the ARPACK package, which uses the Implicitly Restarted Lanczos iteration method. The method is described in Lehoucq and Sorensen (1996) and Lehoucq (2001) while its use within the ARPACK software is described in great detail in Lehoucq et al. (1998). This suite of routines offers the same functionality as the ARPACK banded driver software for real symmetric problems, but the interface design is quite different in order to make the option setting clearer and to combine the different drivers into a general purpose routine.
f12fgf, is a general purpose direct communication routine that must be called following initialization by f12fff. f12fgf uses options, set either by default or explicitly by calling f12fdf, to return the converged approximations to selected eigenvalues and (optionally):
–the corresponding approximate eigenvectors;
–an orthonormal basis for the associated approximate invariant subspace;
–both.
4References
Lehoucq R B (2001) Implicitly restarted Arnoldi methods and subspace iteration SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications23 551–562
Lehoucq R B and Scott J A (1996) An evaluation of software for computing eigenvalues of sparse nonsymmetric matrices Preprint MCS-P547-1195 Argonne National Laboratory
Lehoucq R B and Sorensen D C (1996) Deflation techniques for an implicitly restarted Arnoldi iteration SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications17 789–821
Lehoucq R B, Sorensen D C and Yang C (1998) ARPACK Users' Guide: Solution of Large-scale Eigenvalue Problems with Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Methods SIAM, Philadelphia
5Arguments
1: – IntegerInput
On entry: the number of subdiagonals of the matrices and .
Constraint:
.
2: – IntegerInput
On entry: the number of superdiagonals of the matrices and . Since and are symmetric, the normal case is .
Constraint:
.
3: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the second dimension of the array ab
must be at least
(see f12fff).
On entry: must contain the matrix in LAPACK banded storage format for nonsymmetric matrices (see Section 3.3.4 in the F07 Chapter Introduction).
4: – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array ab as declared in the (sub)program from which f12fgf is called.
Constraint:
.
5: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the second dimension of the array mb
must be at least
if a Generalized problem has be selected (see f12fdf); otherwise mb is not referenced. (see f12fff).
On entry: must contain the matrix in LAPACK banded storage format for nonsymmetric matrices (see Section 3.3.4 in the F07 Chapter Introduction).
6: – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array mb as declared in the (sub)program from which f12fgf is called.
Constraint:
if the optional parameter Generalized has been selected, .
7: – Real (Kind=nag_wp)Input
On entry: if one of the Shifted Inverse (see f12fdf) modes has been selected then sigma contains the real shift used; otherwise sigma is not referenced.
8: – IntegerOutput
On exit: the number of converged eigenvalues.
9: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayOutput
Note: the dimension of the array d
must be at least
(see f12fff).
On exit: the first nconv locations of the array d contain the converged approximate eigenvalues.
10: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayOutput
Note: the second dimension of the array z
must be at least
if the default option has been selected and at least if the option or has been selected (see f12fff).
On exit: if the default option (see f12fdf) has been selected then z contains the final set of eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues held in d. The real eigenvector associated with eigenvalue
, for , is stored in the th column of z.
11: – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array z as declared in the (sub)program from which f12fgf is called.
Constraints:
if the default option has been selected, ;
if the option or has been selected, .
12: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
Note: the dimension of the array resid
must be at least
(see f12fff).
On entry: need not be set unless the option Initial Residual has been set in a prior call to f12fdf in which case resid must contain an initial residual vector.
On exit: contains the final residual vector.
13: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayOutput
Note: the second dimension of the array v
must be at least
(see f12fff).
On exit: if the option or (see f12fdf) and a separate array z has been passed then the first elements of v will contain approximate Schur vectors that span the desired invariant subspace.
The th Schur vector is stored in the th column of v.
14: – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array v as declared in the (sub)program from which f12fgf is called.
Constraint:
.
15: – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayCommunication Array
Note: the actual argument supplied must be the array comm supplied to the initialization routine f12fdf.
On initial entry: must remain unchanged from the prior call to f12fdfandf12fff.
On exit: contains no useful information.
16: – Integer arrayCommunication Array
Note: the actual argument supplied must be the array icomm supplied to the initialization routine f12fff.
On initial entry: must remain unchanged from the prior call to f12fbfandf12fdf.
On exit: contains no useful information.
17: – IntegerInput/Output
On entry: ifail must be set to , or to set behaviour on detection of an error; these values have no effect when no error is detected.
A value of causes the printing of an error message and program execution will be halted; otherwise program execution continues. A value of means that an error message is printed while a value of means that it is not.
If halting is not appropriate, the value or is recommended. If message printing is undesirable, then the value is recommended. Otherwise, the value is recommended. When the value or is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.
On exit: unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).
6Error Indicators and Warnings
If on entry or , explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by x04aaf).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
On entry, .
Constraint: .
On entry, .
Constraint: .
On entry, , .
Constraint: .
The maximum number of iterations , the option Iteration Limit has been set to .
The number of eigenvalues found to sufficient accuracy is zero.
Could not build a Lanczos factorization. The size of the current Lanczos factorization .
Error in internal call to compute eigenvalues and corresponding error bounds of the current upper Hessenberg matrix. Please contact NAG.
During calculation of a tridiagonal form, there was a failure to compute eigenvalues in a total of iterations.
Failure during internal factorization of banded matrix. Please contact NAG.
Failure during internal solution of banded system. Please contact NAG.
The maximum number of iterations has been reached: there have been iterations. There are converged eigenvalues.
No shifts could be applied during a cycle of the implicitly restarted Lanczos iteration.
Either an initial call to the setup routine has not been made or the communication arrays have become corrupted.
On entry, , . Constraint: .
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please
contact NAG.
See Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 9 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
7Accuracy
The relative accuracy of a Ritz value, , is considered acceptable if its Ritz estimate . The default Tolerance used is the machine precision given by x02ajf.
8Parallelism and Performance
Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.
f12fgf is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f12fgf makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.
9Further Comments
None.
10Example
This example solves in regular mode, where is obtained from the standard central difference discretization of the two-dimensional convection-diffusion operator
on the unit square with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. is stored in LAPACK banded storage format.