NAG FL Interface
e02aef (dim1_​cheb_​eval)

Settings help

FL Name Style:


FL Specification Language:


1 Purpose

e02aef evaluates a polynomial from its Chebyshev series representation.

2 Specification

Fortran Interface
Subroutine e02aef ( nplus1, a, xcap, p, ifail)
Integer, Intent (In) :: nplus1
Integer, Intent (Inout) :: ifail
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: a(nplus1), xcap
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: p
C Header Interface
#include <nag.h>
void  e02aef_ (const Integer *nplus1, const double a[], const double *xcap, double *p, Integer *ifail)
The routine may be called by the names e02aef or nagf_fit_dim1_cheb_eval.

3 Description

e02aef evaluates the polynomial
12a1T0(x¯)+a2T1(x¯)+a3T2(x¯)++an+1Tn(x¯)  
for any value of x¯ satisfying −1x¯1. Here Tj(x¯) denotes the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind of degree j with argument x¯. The value of n is prescribed by you.
In practice, the variable x¯ will usually have been obtained from an original variable x, where xminxxmax and
x¯=((x-xmin)-(xmax-x)) (xmax-xmin)  
Note that this form of the transformation should be used computationally rather than the mathematical equivalent
x¯= (2x-xmin-xmax) (xmax-xmin)  
since the former guarantees that the computed value of x¯ differs from its true value by at most 4ε, where ε is the machine precision, whereas the latter has no such guarantee.
The method employed is based on the three-term recurrence relation due to Clenshaw (1955), with modifications to give greater numerical stability due to Reinsch and Gentleman (see Gentleman (1969)).
For further details of the algorithm and its use see Cox (1974) and Cox and Hayes (1973).

4 References

Clenshaw C W (1955) A note on the summation of Chebyshev series Math. Tables Aids Comput. 9 118–120
Cox M G (1974) A data-fitting package for the non-specialist user Software for Numerical Mathematics (ed D J Evans) Academic Press
Cox M G and Hayes J G (1973) Curve fitting: a guide and suite of algorithms for the non-specialist user NPL Report NAC26 National Physical Laboratory
Gentleman W M (1969) An error analysis of Goertzel's (Watt's) method for computing Fourier coefficients Comput. J. 12 160–165

5 Arguments

1: nplus1 Integer Input
On entry: the number n+1 of terms in the series (i.e., one greater than the degree of the polynomial).
Constraint: nplus11.
2: a(nplus1) Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
On entry: a(i) must be set to the value of the ith coefficient in the series, for i=1,2,,n+1.
3: xcap Real (Kind=nag_wp) Input
On entry: x¯, the argument at which the polynomial is to be evaluated. It should lie in the range −1 to +1, but a value just outside this range is permitted (see Section 6) to allow for possible rounding errors committed in the transformation from x to x¯ discussed in Section 3. Provided the recommended form of the transformation is used, a successful exit is thus assured whenever the value of x lies in the range xmin to xmax.
4: p Real (Kind=nag_wp) Output
On exit: the value of the polynomial.
5: ifail Integer Input/Output
On entry: ifail must be set to 0, −1 or 1 to set behaviour on detection of an error; these values have no effect when no error is detected.
A value of 0 causes the printing of an error message and program execution will be halted; otherwise program execution continues. A value of −1 means that an error message is printed while a value of 1 means that it is not.
If halting is not appropriate, the value −1 or 1 is recommended. If message printing is undesirable, then the value 1 is recommended. Otherwise, the value 0 is recommended. When the value -1 or 1 is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.
On exit: ifail=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

If on entry ifail=0 or −1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by x04aaf).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
ifail=1
On entry, xcap=value and EPS=value.
Constraint: |xcap|1+4×EPS, where EPS is machine precision.
ifail=2
On entry, nplus1=value.
Constraint: nplus11.
ifail=-99
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
ifail=-399
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
ifail=-999
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 9 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

The rounding errors committed are such that the computed value of the polynomial is exact for a slightly perturbed set of coefficients ai+δai. The ratio of the sum of the absolute values of the δai to the sum of the absolute values of the ai is less than a small multiple of (n+1)×machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.
e02aef is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

The time taken is approximately proportional to n+1.
It is expected that a common use of e02aef will be the evaluation of the polynomial approximations produced by e02adf and e02aff.

10 Example

Evaluate at 11 equally-spaced points in the interval −1x¯1 the polynomial of degree 4 with Chebyshev coefficients, 2.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625.
The example program is written in a general form that will enable a polynomial of degree n in its Chebyshev series form to be evaluated at m equally-spaced points in the interval −1x¯1. The program is self-starting in that any number of datasets can be supplied.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (e02aefe.f90)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (e02aefe.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (e02aefe.r)
GnuplotProduced by GNUPLOT 5.4 patchlevel 6 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 P(x) = 1+0.5T1(x)+0.25T2(x)+0.125T3(x)+0.0625T4(x) P(x) x "< awk '{if(NR>3)print}' e02aefe.r" using 2:3 "" u 2:3 Example Program Points on a Degree Four Polynomial