The function may be called by the names: s17acc, nag_specfun_bessel_y0_real or nag_bessel_y0.
3Description
s17acc evaluates an approximation to the Bessel function of the second kind .
Note: is undefined for and the function will fail for such arguments.
The function is based on four Chebyshev expansions:
For ,
For ,
where ,
and
For near zero, , where denotes Euler's constant. This approximation is used when is sufficiently small for the result to be correct to machine precision.
For very large , it becomes impossible to provide results with any reasonable accuracy (see Section 7), hence the function fails. Such arguments contain insufficient information to determine the phase of oscillation of ; only the amplitude, , can be determined and this is returned on failure. The range for which this occurs is roughly related to machine precision; the function will fail if
(see the Users' Note for your implementation for details).
Clenshaw C W (1962) Chebyshev Series for Mathematical Functions Mathematical tables HMSO
5Arguments
1: – doubleInput
On entry: the argument of the function.
Constraint:
.
2: – NagError *Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).
6Error Indicators and Warnings
NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL_ARG_GT
On entry, .
Constraint: .
x is too large. On failure the function returns the amplitude of the oscillation, .
NE_REAL_ARG_LE
On entry, .
Constraint: .
7Accuracy
Let be the relative error in the argument and be the absolute error in the result. (Since oscillates about zero, absolute error and not relative error is significant, except for very small .)
If is somewhat larger than the machine representation error (e.g., if is due to data errors etc.), then and are approximately related by
(provided is also within machine bounds). Figure 1 displays the behaviour of the amplification factor .
However, if is of the same order as the machine representation errors, then rounding errors could make slightly larger than the above relation predicts.
For very small , the errors are essentially independent of and the function should provide relative accuracy bounded by the machine precision.
For very large , the above relation ceases to apply. In this region, . The amplitude can be calculated with reasonable accuracy for all , but cannot. If is written as where is an integer and , then is determined by only. If , cannot be determined with any accuracy at all. Thus if is greater than, or of the order of the inverse of machine precision, it is impossible to calculate the phase of and the function must fail.
Figure 1
8Parallelism and Performance
Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.
s17acc is not threaded in any implementation.
9Further Comments
None.
10Example
This example reads values of the argument from a file, evaluates the function at each value of and prints the results.