s11ab: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

NAG CL Interface
s11abc (arcsinh)

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NAG Library Manual, Mark 30.1

Interfaces: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

NAG CL Interface Introduction

S (Specfun) Chapter Contents

S (Specfun) Chapter Introduction

s11ab: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

▸▿ 10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

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Short (a00aac)
Long (impl_details)
Full (nag_info_impl_details)

1 Purpose

s11abc returns the value of the inverse hyperbolic sine,

arcsinh x

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>

double

s11abc (double x)

The function may be called by the names: s11abc, nag_specfun_arcsinh or nag_arcsinh.

3 Description

s11abc calculates an approximate value for the inverse hyperbolic sine of its argument,

arcsinh x

For

| x | \leq 1

it is based on the Chebyshev expansion

arcsinh x = x \times y (t) = x \underset{r = 0}{\sum^{'}} c_{r} T_{r} (t),   where ​ t = 2 x^{2} - 1 .

For

| x | > 1

it uses the fact that

arcsinh x = sign x \times \ln (| x | + \sqrt{x^{2} + 1}) .

This form is used directly for

1 < | x | < 10^{k}

, where

k = n / 2 + 1

, and the machine uses approximately

n

decimal place arithmetic.

For

| x | \geq 10^{k}

\sqrt{x^{2} + 1}

is equal to

| x |

to within the accuracy of the machine and hence we can guard against premature overflow and, without loss of accuracy, calculate

arcsinh x = sign x \times (\ln 2 + \ln | x |) .

4 References

NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

5 Arguments

1: $x$ – double Input: On entry: the argument $x$ of the function.

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

None.

7 Accuracy

δ

and

ε

are the relative errors in the argument and the result, respectively, then in principle

| ε | ≃ | \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}} arcsinh x} δ | .

That is, the relative error in the argument,

x

, is amplified by a factor at least

\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}} arcsinh x}

, in the result.

The equality should hold if

δ

is greater than the machine precision (

δ

due to data errors etc.) but if

δ

is simply due to round-off in the machine representation it is possible that an extra figure may be lost in internal calculation round-off.

The behaviour of the amplification factor is shown in the following graph:

Figure 1

It should be noted that this factor is always less than or equal to one. For large

x

we have the absolute error in the result,

E

, in principle, given by

E \sim δ .

This means that eventually accuracy is limited by machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.

s11abc is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

None.

10 Example

This example reads values of the argument

x

from a file, evaluates the function at each value of

x

and prints the results.

s11ab: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

NAG CL Interfaces11abc (arcsinh)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG CL Interface
s11abc (arcsinh)