void	f07asc (Nag_OrderType order, Nag_TransType trans, Integer n, Integer nrhs, const Complex a[], Integer pda, const Integer ipiv[], Complex b[], Integer pdb, NagError *fail)

The function may be called by the names: f07asc, nag_lapacklin_zgetrs or nag_zgetrs.

3 Description

f07asc is used to solve a complex system of linear equations

A X = B

A^{T} X = B

A^{H} X = B

, the function must be preceded by a call to f07arc which computes the

L U

factorization of

A

A = P L U

. The solution is computed by forward and backward substitution.

trans = Nag_NoTrans

, the solution is computed by solving

P L Y = B

and then

U X = Y

trans = Nag_Trans

, the solution is computed by solving

U^{T} Y = B

and then

L^{T} P^{T} X = Y

trans = Nag_ConjTrans

, the solution is computed by solving

U^{H} Y = B

and then

L^{H} P^{T} X = Y

4 References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

1: $order$ – Nag_OrderType Input

On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by

order = Nag_RowMajor

. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.

Constraint:

order = Nag_RowMajor

Nag_ColMajor

2: $trans$ – Nag_TransType Input

On entry: indicates the form of the equations.

$trans = Nag_NoTrans$: $A X = B$ is solved for $X$ .
$trans = Nag_Trans$: $A^{T} X = B$ is solved for $X$ .
$trans = Nag_ConjTrans$: $A^{H} X = B$ is solved for $X$ .

Constraint:

trans = Nag_NoTrans

Nag_Trans

Nag_ConjTrans

3: $n$ – Integer Input

On entry:

n

, the order of the matrix

A

Constraint:

n \geq 0

4: $nrhs$ – Integer Input

On entry:

r

, the number of right-hand sides.

Constraint:

nrhs \geq 0

5: $a [\dim]$ – const Complex Input

Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least

\max (1, pda \times n)

The

(i, j)

th element of the matrix

A

is stored in

$a [(j - 1) \times pda + i - 1]$ when $order = Nag_ColMajor$ ;
$a [(i - 1) \times pda + j - 1]$ when $order = Nag_RowMajor$ .

On entry: the

L U

factorization of

A

, as returned by f07arc.

6: $pda$ – Integer Input

On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array a.

Constraint:

pda \geq \max (1, n)

7: $ipiv [\dim]$ – const Integer Input

Note: the dimension, dim, of the array ipiv must be at least

\max (1, n)

On entry: the pivot indices, as returned by f07arc.

8: $b [\dim]$ – Complex Input/Output

Note: the dimension, dim, of the array b must be at least

$\max (1, pdb \times nrhs)$ when $order = Nag_ColMajor$ ;
$\max (1, n \times pdb)$ when $order = Nag_RowMajor$ .

The

(i, j)

th element of the matrix

B

is stored in

$b [(j - 1) \times pdb + i - 1]$ when $order = Nag_ColMajor$ ;
$b [(i - 1) \times pdb + j - 1]$ when $order = Nag_RowMajor$ .

On entry: the

n \times r

right-hand side matrix

B

On exit: the

n \times r

solution matrix

X

9: $pdb$ – Integer Input

On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array b.

Constraints:

if $order = Nag_ColMajor$ , $pdb \geq \max (1, n)$ ;
if $order = Nag_RowMajor$ , $pdb \geq \max (1, nrhs)$ .

10: $fail$ – NagError * Input/Output

The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL: Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM: On entry, argument $⟨ value ⟩$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT: On entry, $n = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $n \geq 0$ .

On entry, $nrhs = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $nrhs \geq 0$ .

On entry, $pda = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $pda > 0$ .

On entry, $pdb = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $pdb > 0$ .
NE_INT_2: On entry, $pda = ⟨ value ⟩$ and $n = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $pda \geq \max (1, n)$ .

On entry, $pdb = ⟨ value ⟩$ and $n = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $pdb \geq \max (1, n)$ .

On entry, $pdb = ⟨ value ⟩$ and $nrhs = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $pdb \geq \max (1, nrhs)$ .
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR: An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE: Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

For each right-hand side vector

b

, the computed solution

x

is the exact solution of a perturbed system of equations

(A + E) x = b

, where

| E | \leq c (n) ε P | L | | U |,

c (n)

is a modest linear function of

n

, and

ε

is the machine precision.

\hat{x}

is the true solution, then the computed solution

x

satisfies a forward error bound of the form

\frac{{‖ x - \hat{x} ‖}_{\infty}}{{‖ x ‖}_{\infty}} \leq c (n) cond (A, x) ε

where

cond (A, x) = {‖ | A^{- 1} | | A | | x | ‖}_{\infty} / {‖ x ‖}_{\infty} \leq cond (A) = {‖ | A^{- 1} | | A | ‖}_{\infty} \leq κ_{\infty} (A)

Note that

cond (A, x)

can be much smaller than

cond (A)

, and

cond (A^{H})

(which is the same as

cond (A^{T})

) can be much larger (or smaller) than

cond (A)

Forward and backward error bounds can be computed by calling f07avc, and an estimate for

κ_{\infty} (A)

can be obtained by calling f07auc with

norm = Nag_InfNorm

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.

f07asc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.

f07asc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.

Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of real floating-point operations is approximately

8 n^{2} r

This function may be followed by a call to f07avc to refine the solution and return an error estimate.

The real analogue of this function is f07aec.

10 Example

This example solves the system of equations

A X = B

, where

A = (\begin{array}{r} - 1.34 + 2.55 i & 0.28 + 3.17 i & - 6.39 - 2.20 i & 0.72 - 0.92 i \\ - 0.17 - 1.41 i & 3.31 - 0.15 i & - 0.15 + 1.34 i & 1.29 + 1.38 i \\ - 3.29 - 2.39 i & - 1.91 + 4.42 i & - 0.14 - 1.35 i & 1.72 + 1.35 i \\ 2.41 + 0.39 i & - 0.56 + 1.47 i & - 0.83 - 0.69 i & - 1.96 + 0.67 i \end{array})

and

B = (\begin{array}{r} 26.26 + 51.78 i & 31.32 - 6.70 i \\ 6.43 - 8.68 i & 15.86 - 1.42 i \\ - 5.75 + 25.31 i & - 2.15 + 30.19 i \\ 1.16 + 2.57 i & - 2.56 + 7.55 i \end{array}) .

Here

A

is nonsymmetric and must first be factorized by f07arc.

f07as: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

NAG CL Interfacef07asc (zgetrs)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG CL Interface
f07asc (zgetrs)