NAG FL Interface
f08yvf (ztgsyl)

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1 Purpose

f08yvf solves the generalized complex triangular Sylvester equations.

2 Specification

Fortran Interface
Subroutine f08yvf ( trans, ijob, m, n, a, lda, b, ldb, c, ldc, d, ldd, e, lde, f, ldf, scale, dif, work, lwork, iwork, info)
Integer, Intent (In) :: ijob, m, n, lda, ldb, ldc, ldd, lde, ldf, lwork
Integer, Intent (Out) :: iwork(m+n+2), info
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: scale, dif
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: a(lda,*), b(ldb,*), d(ldd,*), e(lde,*)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) :: c(ldc,*), f(ldf,*)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: work(max(1,lwork))
Character (1), Intent (In) :: trans
C Header Interface
#include <nag.h>
void  f08yvf_ (const char *trans, const Integer *ijob, const Integer *m, const Integer *n, const Complex a[], const Integer *lda, const Complex b[], const Integer *ldb, Complex c[], const Integer *ldc, const Complex d[], const Integer *ldd, const Complex e[], const Integer *lde, Complex f[], const Integer *ldf, double *scal, double *dif, Complex work[], const Integer *lwork, Integer iwork[], Integer *info, const Charlen length_trans)
The routine may be called by the names f08yvf, nagf_lapackeig_ztgsyl or its LAPACK name ztgsyl.

3 Description

f08yvf solves either the generalized complex Sylvester equations
AR-LB =αC DR-LE =αF, (1)
or the equations
AHR+DHL =αC RBH+LEH =-αF, (2)
where the pair (A,D) are given m×m matrices in generalized Schur form, (B,E) are given n×n matrices in generalized Schur form and (C,F) are given m×n matrices. The pair (R,L) are the m×n solution matrices, and α is an output scaling factor determined by the routine to avoid overflow in computing (R,L).
Equations (1) are equivalent to equations of the form
Zx=αb ,  
where
Z = ( IA-BHI ID-EHI )  
and is the Kronecker product. Equations (2) are then equivalent to
ZHy = αb .  
The pair (S,T) are in generalized Schur form if S and T are upper triangular as returned, for example, by f08xqf, or f08xsf with job='S'.
Optionally, the routine estimates Dif[(A,D),(B,E)], the separation between the matrix pairs (A,D) and (B,E), which is the smallest singular value of Z. The estimate can be based on either the Frobenius norm, or the 1-norm. The 1-norm estimate can be three to ten times more expensive than the Frobenius norm estimate, but makes the condition estimation uniform with the nonsymmetric eigenproblem. The Frobenius norm estimate provides a low cost, but equally reliable estimate. For more information see Sections 2.4.8.3 and 4.11.1.3 of Anderson et al. (1999) and Kågström and Poromaa (1996).

4 References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia https://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug
Kågström B (1994) A perturbation analysis of the generalized Sylvester equation (AR-LB,DR-LE)=(c,F) SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 15 1045–1060
Kågström B and Poromaa P (1996) LAPACK-style algorithms and software for solving the generalized Sylvester equation and estimating the separation between regular matrix pairs ACM Trans. Math. Software 22 78–103

5 Arguments

1: trans Character(1) Input
On entry: if trans='N', solve the generalized Sylvester equation (1).
If trans='C', solve the ‘conjugate transposed’ system (2).
Constraint: trans='N' or 'C'.
2: ijob Integer Input
On entry: specifies what kind of functionality is to be performed when trans='N'.
ijob=0
Solve (1) only.
ijob=1
The functionality of ijob=0 and 3.
ijob=2
The functionality of ijob=0 and 4.
ijob=3
Only an estimate of Dif [(A,D),(B,E)] is computed based on the Frobenius norm.
ijob=4
Only an estimate of Dif [(A,D),(B,E)] is computed based on the 1-norm.
If trans='C', ijob is not referenced.
Constraint: if trans='N', 0ijob4.
3: m Integer Input
On entry: m, the order of the matrices A and D, and the row dimension of the matrices C, F, R and L.
Constraint: m>0.
4: n Integer Input
On entry: n, the order of the matrices B and E, and the column dimension of the matrices C, F, R and L.
Constraint: n>0.
5: a(lda,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array a must be at least max(1,m).
On entry: the upper triangular matrix A.
6: lda Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array a as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
Constraint: ldamax(1,m).
7: b(ldb,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array b must be at least max(1,n).
On entry: the upper triangular matrix B.
8: ldb Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array b as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
Constraint: ldbmax(1,n).
9: c(ldc,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input/Output
Note: the second dimension of the array c must be at least max(1,n).
On entry: contains the right-hand-side matrix C.
On exit: if ijob=0, 1 or 2, c is overwritten by the solution matrix R.
If trans='N' and ijob=3 or 4, c holds R, the solution achieved during the computation of the Dif estimate.
10: ldc Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array c as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
Constraint: ldcmax(1,m).
11: d(ldd,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array d must be at least max(1,m).
On entry: the upper triangular matrix D.
12: ldd Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array d as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
Constraint: lddmax(1,m).
13: e(lde,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array e must be at least max(1,n).
On entry: the upper triangular matrix E.
14: lde Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array e as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
Constraint: ldemax(1,n).
15: f(ldf,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input/Output
Note: the second dimension of the array f must be at least max(1,n).
On entry: contains the right-hand side matrix F.
On exit: if ijob=0, 1 or 2, f is overwritten by the solution matrix L.
If trans='N' and ijob=3 or 4, f holds L, the solution achieved during the computation of the Dif estimate.
16: ldf Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array f as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
Constraint: ldfmax(1,m).
17: scale Real (Kind=nag_wp) Output
On exit: α, the scaling factor in (1) or (2).
If 0<scale<1, c and f hold the solutions R and L, respectively, to a slightly perturbed system but the input arrays a, b, d and e have not been changed.
If scale=0, c and f hold the solutions R and L, respectively, to the homogeneous system with C=F=0. In this case dif is not referenced.
Normally, scale=1.
18: dif Real (Kind=nag_wp) Output
On exit: the estimate of Dif. If ijob=0, dif is not referenced.
19: work(max(1,lwork)) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Workspace
On exit: if info=0, the real part of work(1) contains the minimum value of lwork required for optimal performance.
20: lwork Integer Input
On entry: the dimension of the array work as declared in the (sub)program from which f08yvf is called.
If lwork=−1, a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the minimum size of the work array, returns this value as the first entry of the work array, and no error message related to lwork is issued.
Constraints:
if lwork−1,
  • if trans='N' and ijob=1 or 2, lwork2×m×n;
  • otherwise lwork1.
21: iwork(m+n+2) Integer array Workspace
22: info Integer Output
On exit: info=0 unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

info<0
If info=-i, argument i had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.
info>0
(A,D) and (B,E) have common or close eigenvalues and so no solution could be computed.

7 Accuracy

See Kågström (1994) for a perturbation analysis of the generalized Sylvester equation.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.
f08yvf makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of floating-point operations needed to solve the generalized Sylvester equations is approximately 8mn(n+m). The Frobenius norm estimate of Dif does not require additional significant computation, but the 1-norm estimate is typically five times more expensive.
The real analogue of this routine is f08yhf.

10 Example

This example solves the generalized Sylvester equations
AR-LB =αC DR-LE =αF,  
where
A = ( 4.0+4.0i 1.0+1.0i 1.0+1.0i 2.0-1.0i 0.0i+0.0 2.0+1.0i 1.0+1.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 2.0-1.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 6.0-2.0i ) ,  
B = ( 2.0 1.0+1.0i 1.0+1.0i 3.0-1.0i 0.0 1.0i+0.0 2.0+1.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0 0.0i+0.0 1.0i+0.0 1.0+1.0i 0.0 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 2.0i+0.0 ) ,  
D = ( 1.0+1.0i 1.0-1.0i 1.0+1.0i 1.0-1.0i 0.0i+0.0 6.0-4.0i 1.0-1.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 2.0+4.0i 1.0-1.0i 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 2.0+3.0i ) ,  
E = ( 1.0 1.0+1.0i 1.0-1.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0 2.0i+0.0 1.0+1.0i 1.0-1.0i 0.0 0.0i+0.0 2.0i+0.0 1.0+1.0i 0.0 0.0i+0.0 0.0i+0.0 1.0i+0.0 ) ,  
C = ( -13.0+9.0i 2.0+8.0i -2.0+8.0i -2.0+5.0i -9.0-1.0i 0.0+5.0i -7.0-3.0i -6.0-0.0i -1.0+1.0i 4.0+2.0i 4.0-5.0i 9.0-5.0i -6.0+6.0i 9.0+1.0i -2.0+4.0i 22.0-8.0i )  
and
F = ( -6.0+05.0i 4.0-4.0i -3.0+11.0i 3.0-07.0i -5.0+11.0i 12.0-4.0i -2.0+02.0i 0.0+14.0i -5.0-01.0i 0.0+4.0i -2.0+10.0i 3.0-01.0i -6.0-02.0i 1.0+1.0i -7.0-03.0i 4.0+07.0i ) .  

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (f08yvfe.f90)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (f08yvfe.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (f08yvfe.r)