-statistics and their significance levels are also returned. A call to g13dmc is usually made prior to calling this function in order to calculate the sample cross-correlation matrices.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>

void	g13dnc (Integer k, Integer n, Integer m, const double r0[], const double r[], Integer maxlag, double parlag[], double x[], double pvalue[], NagError fail)

The function may be called by the names: g13dnc, nag_tsa_multi_corrmat_partlag or nag_tsa_multi_part_lag_corr.

3 Description

Let

W_{t} = {(w_{1 t}, w_{2 t}, \dots, w_{k t})}^{T}

, for

t = 1, 2, \dots, n

, denote

n

observations of a vector of

k

time series. The partial lag correlation matrix at lag

l

P (l)

, is defined to be the correlation matrix between

W_{t}

and

W_{t + l}

, after removing the linear dependence on each of the intervening vectors

W_{t + 1}, W_{t + 2}, \dots, W_{t + l - 1}

. It is the correlation matrix between the residual vectors resulting from the regression of

W_{t + l}

on the carriers

W_{t + l - 1}, \dots, W_{t + 1}

and the regression of

W_{t}

on the same set of carriers; see Heyse and Wei (1985).

P (l)

has the following properties.

(i)If $W_{t}$ follows a vector autoregressive model of order $p$ , then $P (l) = 0$ for $l > p$ ;
(ii)When $k = 1$ , $P (l)$ reduces to the univariate partial autocorrelation at lag $l$ ;
(iii)Each element of $P (l)$ is a properly normalized correlation coefficient;
(iv)When $l = 1$ , $P (l)$ is equal to the cross-correlation matrix at lag $1$ (a natural property which also holds for the univariate partial autocorrelation function).

Sample estimates of the partial lag correlation matrices may be obtained using the recursive algorithm described in Wei (1990). They are calculated up to lag

m

, which is usually taken to be at most

n / 4

. Only the sample cross-correlation matrices (

\hat{R} (l)

, for

l = 0, 1, \dots, m

) and the standard deviations of the series are required as input to g13dnc. These may be computed by g13dmc. Under the hypothesis that

W_{t}

follows an autoregressive model of order

s - 1

, the elements of the sample partial lag matrix

\hat{P} (s)

, denoted by

{\hat{P}}_{i j} (s)

, are asymptotically Normally distributed with mean zero and variance

1 / n

. In addition the statistic

X (s) = n \sum_{i = 1}^{k} \sum_{j = 1}^{k} {\hat{P}}_{i j} {(s)}^{2}

has an asymptotic

χ^{2}

-distribution with

k^{2}

degrees of freedom. These quantities,

X (l)

, are useful as a diagnostic aid for determining whether the series follows an autoregressive model and, if so, of what order.

4 References

Heyse J F and Wei W W S (1985) The partial lag autocorrelation function Technical Report No. 32 Department of Statistics, Temple University, Philadelphia

Wei W W S (1990) Time Series Analysis: Univariate and Multivariate Methods Addison–Wesley

5 Arguments

1: $k$ – Integer Input: On entry: $k$ , the dimension of the multivariate time series.

Constraint: $k \geq 1$ .
2: $n$ – Integer Input: On entry: $n$ , the number of observations in each series.

Constraint: $n \geq 2$ .
3: $m$ – Integer Input: On entry: $m$ , the number of partial lag correlation matrices to be computed. Note this also specifies the number of sample cross-correlation matrices that must be contained in the array r.

Constraint: $1 \leq m < n$ .
4: $r0 [k \times k]$ – const double Input: On entry: the sample cross-correlations at lag zero/standard deviations as provided by g13dmc, that is, $r0 [(j - 1) k + i - 1]$ must contain the $(i, j)$ th element of the sample cross-correlation matrix at lag zero if $i \neq j$ and the standard deviation of $i = j$ , for $i = 1, 2, \dots, k$ and $j = 1, 2, \dots, k$ .
5: $r [k \times k \times m]$ – const double Input: On entry: the sample cross-correlations as provided by g13dmc, that is, $r [(l - 1) k^{2} + (j - 1) k + i - 1]$ must contain the $(i, j)$ th element of the sample cross-correlation at lag $l$ , for $l = 1, 2, \dots, m$ , $i = 1, 2, \dots, k$ and $j = 1, 2, \dots, k$ , where series $j$ leads series $i$ .
6: $maxlag$ – Integer * Output: On exit: the maximum lag up to which partial lag correlation matrices (along with $χ^{2}$ -statistics and their significance levels) have been successfully computed. On a successful exit maxlag will equal m. If $fail . code =$ MATRIX_ILL_CONDITIONED on exit, maxlag will be less than m.
7: $parlag [k \times k \times m]$ – double Input/Output: On exit: $parlag [(l - 1) k^{2} + (j - 1) k + i - 1]$ contains the $(i, j)$ th element of the sample partial lag correlation matrix at lag $l$ , for $l = 1, 2, \dots, maxlag$ , $i = 1, 2, \dots, k$ and $j = 1, 2, \dots, k$ .
8: $x [m]$ – double Output: On exit: $x [l - 1]$ contains the $χ^{2}$ -statistic at lag $l$ , for $l = 1, 2, \dots, maxlag$ .
9: $pvalue [m]$ – double Output: On exit: $pvalue [l - 1]$ contains the significance level of the corresponding $χ^{2}$ -statistic in x, for $l = 1, 2, \dots, maxlag$ .
10: $fail$ – NagError * Input/Output: The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

MATRIX_ILL_CONDITIONED: The recursive equations used to compute the partial lag correlation matrices are ill-conditioned (they have been computed up to lag $⟨ value ⟩$ ). All output quantities in the arrays parlag, x and pvalue up to and including lag maxlag will be correct.
NE_ALLOC_FAIL: Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM: On entry, argument $⟨ value ⟩$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT: On entry, $k = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $k \geq 1$ .

On entry, $m = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $m \geq 1$ .

On entry, $n = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $n \geq 2$ .
NE_INT_2: On entry, $m = ⟨ value ⟩$ and $n = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $m < n$ .
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR: An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE: Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

The accuracy will depend upon the accuracy of the sample cross-correlations.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.

g13dnc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.

g13dnc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.

Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The time taken is roughly proportional to

m^{2} k^{3}

If you have calculated the sample cross-correlation matrices in the arrays r0 and r, without calling g13dmc, then care must be taken to ensure they are supplied as described in Section 5. In particular, for

l \geq 1

{\hat{R}}_{i j} (l)

must contain the sample cross-correlation coefficient between

w_{i (t - l)}

and

w_{j t}

The function g13dbc computes squared partial autocorrelations for a specified number of lags. It may also be used to estimate a sequence of partial autoregression matrices at lags

1, 2, \dots

by making repeated calls to the function with the argument nk set to

1, 2, \dots

. The

(i, j)

th element of the sample partial autoregression matrix at lag

l

is given by

W (i, j, l)

when nk is set equal to

l

on entry to g13dbc. Note that this is the ‘Yule–Walker’ estimate. Unlike the partial lag correlation matrices computed by g13dnc, when

W_{t}

follows an autoregressive model of order

s - 1

, the elements of the sample partial autoregressive matrix at lag

s

do not have variance

1 / n

, making it very difficult to spot a possible cut-off point. The differences between these matrices are discussed further by Wei (1990).

Note that g13dbc takes the sample cross-covariance matrices as input whereas this function requires the sample cross-correlation matrices to be input.

10 Example

This example computes the sample partial lag correlation matrices of two time series of length

48

, up to lag

10

. The matrices, their

χ^{2}

-statistics and significance levels and a plot of symbols indicating which elements of the sample partial lag correlation matrices are significant are printed. Three * represent significance at the

0.5

% level, two * represent significance at the 1% level and a single * represents significance at the 5% level. The * are plotted above or below the central line depending on whether the elements are significant in a positive or negative direction.

g13dn: FL CL CPP AD PY MB

NAG CL Interfaceg13dnc (multi_​corrmat_​partlag)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG CL Interface
g13dnc (multi_corrmat_partlag)