The routine may be called by the names s17avf or nagf_specfun_airy_bi_real_vector.
3Description
s17avf evaluates an approximation to the Airy function for an array of arguments , for . It is based on a number of Chebyshev expansions.
For ,
where and and are expansions in the variable .
For ,
where and are expansions in .
For ,
where is an expansion in .
For ,
where is an expansion in .
For ,
where and is an expansion in .
For , the result is set directly to . This both saves time and avoids possible intermediate underflows.
For large negative arguments, it becomes impossible to calculate the phase of the oscillating function with any accuracy so the routine must fail. This occurs if , where is the machine precision.
For large positive arguments, there is a danger of causing overflow since Bi grows in an essentially exponential manner, so the routine must fail.
is too large and positive. contains zero. The threshold value is the same as for in s17ahf
, as defined in the Users' Note for your implementation.
is too large and negative. contains zero. The threshold value is the same as for in s17ahf
, as defined in the Users' Note for your implementation.
5: – IntegerInput/Output
On entry: ifail must be set to , or to set behaviour on detection of an error; these values have no effect when no error is detected.
A value of causes the printing of an error message and program execution will be halted; otherwise program execution continues. A value of means that an error message is printed while a value of means that it is not.
If halting is not appropriate, the value or is recommended. If message printing is undesirable, then the value is recommended. Otherwise, the value is recommended. When the value or is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.
On exit: unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).
6Error Indicators and Warnings
If on entry or , explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by x04aaf).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
On entry, at least one value of x was invalid.
Check ivalid for more information.
On entry, .
Constraint: .
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please
contact NAG.
See Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 9 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
7Accuracy
For negative arguments the function is oscillatory and hence absolute error is the appropriate measure. In the positive region the function is essentially exponential-like and here relative error is appropriate. The absolute error, , and the relative error, , are related in principle to the relative error in the argument, , by
In practice, approximate equality is the best that can be expected. When , or is of the order of the machine precision, the errors in the result will be somewhat larger.
For small , errors are strongly damped and hence will be bounded essentially by the machine precision.
For moderate to large negative , the error behaviour is clearly oscillatory but the amplitude of the error grows like amplitude .
However, the phase error will be growing roughly as and hence all accuracy will be lost for large negative arguments. This is due to the impossibility of calculating sin and cos to any accuracy if .
For large positive arguments, the relative error amplification is considerable:
This means a loss of roughly two decimal places accuracy for arguments in the region of . However, very large arguments are not possible due to the danger of causing overflow and errors are, therefore, limited in practice.
8Parallelism and Performance
s17avf is not threaded in any implementation.
9Further Comments
None.
10Example
This example reads values of x from a file, evaluates the function at each value of and prints the results.