. Following advice in Gautschi (1970) and van der Laan and Temme (1984), the code in Gautschi (1969) has been adapted to work in various precisions up to

18

decimal places. The real part of

w (z)

is sometimes known as the Voigt function.

4 References

Gautschi W (1969) Algorithm 363: Complex error function Comm. ACM 12 635

Gautschi W (1970) Efficient computation of the complex error function SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 7 187–198

van der Laan C G and Temme N M (1984) Calculation of special functions: the gamma function, the exponential integrals and error-like functions CWI Tract 10 Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam

5 Arguments

1: $z$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) Input: On entry: the argument $z$ of the function.
2: $ifail$ – Integer Input/Output: On entry: ifail must be set to $0$ , $−1$ or $1$ to set behaviour on detection of an error; these values have no effect when no error is detected.
A value of $0$ causes the printing of an error message and program execution will be halted; otherwise program execution continues. A value of $−1$ means that an error message is printed while a value of $1$ means that it is not.

If halting is not appropriate, the value $−1$ or $1$ is recommended. If message printing is undesirable, then the value $1$ is recommended. Otherwise, the value $0$ is recommended. When the value $- 1$ or $1$ is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.

On exit: $ifail = 0$ unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

If on entry

ifail = 0

−1

, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by x04aaf).

Errors or warnings detected by the routine:

$ifail = 1$: Real part of result overflows when entered with argument $z = (⟨ value ⟩, ⟨ value ⟩)$ .

$ifail = 2$: Imaginary part of result overflows when entered with argument $z = (⟨ value ⟩, ⟨ value ⟩)$ .

$ifail = 3$: Both real and imaginary parts of result overflow when entered with argument $z = (⟨ value ⟩, ⟨ value ⟩)$ .

$ifail = 4$: Result has less than half precision when entered with argument $z = (⟨ value ⟩, ⟨ value ⟩)$ .

$ifail = 5$: Result has no precision when entered with argument $z = (⟨ value ⟩, ⟨ value ⟩)$ .

$ifail = - 99$: An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.

$ifail = - 399$: Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.

$ifail = - 999$: Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 9 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

The accuracy of the returned result depends on the argument

z

. If

z

lies in the first or second quadrant of the complex plane (i.e.,

Im (z)

is greater than or equal to zero), the result should be accurate almost to machine precision, except that there is a limit of about

18

decimal places on the achievable accuracy because constants in the routine are given to this precision. With such arguments, ifail can only return as

ifail = 0

If however,

Im (z)

is less than zero, accuracy may be lost in two ways; firstly, in the evaluation of

e^{- z^{2}}

, if

Im (- z^{2})

is large, in which case a warning will be issued through

ifail = 4

5

; and secondly, near the zeros of the required function, where precision is lost due to cancellation, in which case no warning is given – the result has absolute accuracy rather than relative accuracy. Note also that in this half-plane, one or both parts of the result may overflow – this is signalled through

ifail = 1

2

3

8 Parallelism and Performance

s15ddf is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

The time taken for a call of s15ddf depends on the argument

z

, the time increasing as

| z | \to 0.0

s15ddf may be used to compute values of

erfc (z)

and

\erf z

for complex

z

by the relations

erfc (z) = e^{- z^{2}} w (i z)

\erf z = 1 - erfc (z)

. (For real arguments, s15adf and s15aef should be used.)

10 Example

This example reads values of the argument

z

from a file, evaluates the function at each value of

z

and prints the results.

s15dd: FL CL CPP AD

NAG FL Interfaces15ddf (erfc_​complex)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG FL Interface
s15ddf (erfc_complex)