d03puc calculates a numerical flux function using Roe's Approximate Riemann Solver for the Euler equations in conservative form. It is designed primarily for use with the upwind discretization schemes d03pfc, d03plc or d03psc, but may also be applicable to other conservative upwind schemes requiring numerical flux functions.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>

void	d03puc (const double uleft[], const double uright[], double gamma, double flux[], Nag_D03_Save saved, NagError fail)

The function may be called by the names: d03puc, nag_pde_dim1_parab_euler_roe or nag_pde_parab_1d_euler_roe.

3 Description

d03puc calculates a numerical flux function at a single spatial point using Roe's Approximate Riemann Solver (see Roe (1981)) for the Euler equations (for a perfect gas) in conservative form. You must supply the left and right solution values at the point where the numerical flux is required, i.e., the initial left and right states of the Riemann problem defined below.

In the functions d03pfc, d03plc and d03psc, the left and right solution values are derived automatically from the solution values at adjacent spatial points and supplied to the function argument numflx from which you may call d03puc.

The Euler equations for a perfect gas in conservative form are:

\frac{\partial U}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial F}{\partial x} = 0,

(1)

with

U = [\begin{matrix} ρ \\ m \\ e \end{matrix}] and F = [\begin{matrix} m \\ \frac{m^{2}}{ρ} + (γ - 1) (e - \frac{m^{2}}{2 ρ}) \\ \frac{m e}{ρ} + \frac{m}{ρ} (γ - 1) (e - \frac{m^{2}}{2 ρ}) \end{matrix}],

(2)

where

ρ

is the density,

m

is the momentum,

e

is the specific total energy, and

γ

is the (constant) ratio of specific heats. The pressure

p

is given by

p = (γ - 1) (e - \frac{ρ u^{2}}{2}),

(3)

where

u = m / ρ

is the velocity.

The function calculates the Roe approximation to the numerical flux function

F (U_{L}, U_{R}) = F (U^{*} (U_{L}, U_{R}))

, where

U = U_{L}

and

U = U_{R}

are the left and right solution values, and

U^{*} (U_{L}, U_{R})

is the intermediate state

ω (0)

arising from the similarity solution

U (y, t) = ω (y / t)

of the Riemann problem defined by

\frac{\partial U}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial F}{\partial y} = 0,

(4)

with

U

and

F

as in (2), and initial piecewise constant values

U = U_{L}

for

y < 0

and

U = U_{R}

for

y > 0

. The spatial domain is

- \infty < y < \infty

, where

y = 0

is the point at which the numerical flux is required. This implementation of Roe's scheme for the Euler equations uses the so-called argument-vector method described in Roe (1981).

4 References

LeVeque R J (1990) Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws Birkhäuser Verlag

Quirk J J (1994) A contribution to the great Riemann solver debate Internat. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 18 555–574

Roe P L (1981) Approximate Riemann solvers, parameter vectors, and difference schemes J. Comput. Phys. 43 357–372

5 Arguments

1: $uleft [3]$ – const double Input

On entry:

uleft [i - 1]

must contain the left value of the component

U_{i}

, for

i = 1, 2, 3

. That is,

uleft [0]

must contain the left value of

ρ

uleft [1]

must contain the left value of

m

and

uleft [2]

must contain the left value of

e

Constraints:

$uleft [0] \geq 0.0$ ;
Left pressure, $pl \geq 0.0$ , where $pl$ is calculated using (3).

2: $uright [3]$ – const double Input

On entry:

uright [i - 1]

must contain the right value of the component

U_{i}

, for

i = 1, 2, 3

. That is,

uright [0]

must contain the right value of

ρ

uright [1]

must contain the right value of

m

and

uright [2]

must contain the right value of

e

Constraints:

$uright [0] \geq 0.0$ ;
Right pressure, $pr \geq 0.0$ , where $pr$ is calculated using (3).

3: $gamma$ – double Input

On entry: the ratio of specific heats,

γ

Constraint:

gamma > 0.0

4: $flux [3]$ – double Output

On exit:

flux [i - 1]

contains the numerical flux component

{\hat{F}}_{i}

, for

i = 1, 2, 3

5: $saved$ – Nag_D03_Save * Communication Structure

saved may contain data concerning the computation required by d03puc as passed through to numflx from one of the integrator functions d03pfc, d03plc or d03psc. You should not change the components of saved.

6: $fail$ – NagError * Input/Output

The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL: Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM: On entry, argument $⟨ value ⟩$ had an illegal value.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR: An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE: Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL: Left pressure value $pl < 0.0$ : $pl = ⟨ value ⟩$ .

On entry, $gamma = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $gamma > 0.0$ .

On entry, $uleft [0] = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $uleft [0] \geq 0.0$ .

On entry, $uright [0] = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $uright [0] \geq 0.0$ .

Right pressure value $pr < 0.0$ : $pr = ⟨ value ⟩$ .

7 Accuracy

d03puc performs an exact calculation of the Roe numerical flux function, and so the result will be accurate to machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

d03puc is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

d03puc must only be used to calculate the numerical flux for the Euler equations in exactly the form given by (2), with

uleft [i - 1]

and

uright [i - 1]

containing the left and right values of

ρ, m

and

e

, for

i = 1, 2, 3

, respectively. It should be noted that Roe's scheme, in common with all Riemann solvers, may be unsuitable for some problems (see Quirk (1994) for examples). In particular Roe's scheme does not satisfy an ‘entropy condition’ which guarantees that the approximate solution of the PDE converges to the correct physical solution, and hence it may admit non-physical solutions such as expansion shocks. The algorithm used in this function does not detect or correct any entropy violation. The time taken is independent of the input arguments.