NAG FL Interface
g05ref (copula_​clayton_​bivar)

1 Purpose

g05ref generates pseudorandom uniform bivariates with joint distribution of a Clayton/Cook–Johnson Archimedean copula.

2 Specification

Fortran Interface
Subroutine g05ref ( n, theta, sorder, state, x, ldx, sdx, ifail)
Integer, Intent (In) :: n, sorder, ldx, sdx
Integer, Intent (Inout) :: state(*), ifail
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: theta
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) :: x(ldx,sdx)
C Header Interface
#include <nag.h>
void  g05ref_ (const Integer *n, const double *theta, const Integer *sorder, Integer state[], double x[], const Integer *ldx, const Integer *sdx, Integer *ifail)
The routine may be called by the names g05ref or nagf_rand_copula_clayton_bivar.

3 Description

Generates pseudorandom uniform bivariates u1,u20,12 whose joint distribution is the Clayton/Cook–Johnson Archimedean copula Cθ with parameter θ, given by
Cθ = max u1 -θ + u2 -θ -1 ,0 -1/θ ,   θ -1, 0  
with the special cases:
The generation method uses conditional sampling.
One of the initialization routines g05kff (for a repeatable sequence if computed sequentially) or g05kgf (for a non-repeatable sequence) must be called prior to the first call to g05ref.

4 References

Nelsen R B (2006) An Introduction to Copulas (2nd Edition) Springer Series in Statistics

5 Arguments

1: n Integer Input
On entry: n, the number of bivariates to generate.
Constraint: n0.
2: theta Real (Kind=nag_wp) Input
On entry: θ, the copula parameter.
Constraint: theta-1.0.
3: sorder Integer Input
On entry: determines the storage order of variates; the i,jth variate is stored in xij if sorder=1, and xji if sorder=2, for i=1,2,,n and j=1,2.
Constraint: sorder=1 or 2.
4: state* Integer array Communication Array
Note: the actual argument supplied must be the array state supplied to the initialization routines g05kff or g05kgf.
On entry: contains information on the selected base generator and its current state.
On exit: contains updated information on the state of the generator.
5: xldxsdx Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Output
On exit: the n bivariate uniforms with joint distribution described by Cθ, with xij holding the ith value for the jth dimension if sorder=1 and the jth value for the ith dimension if sorder=2.
6: ldx Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array x as declared in the (sub)program from which g05ref is called.
Constraints:
  • if sorder=1, ldxn;
  • if sorder=2, ldx2.
7: sdx Integer Input
On entry: the second dimension of the array x as declared in the (sub)program from which g05ref is called.
Constraints:
  • if sorder=1, sdx2;
  • if sorder=2, sdxn.
8: ifail Integer Input/Output
On entry: ifail must be set to 0, -1 or 1 to set behaviour on detection of an error; these values have no effect when no error is detected.
A value of 0 causes the printing of an error message and program execution will be halted; otherwise program execution continues. A value of -1 means that an error message is printed while a value of 1 means that it is not.
If halting is not appropriate, the value -1 or 1 is recommended. If message printing is undesirable, then the value 1 is recommended. Otherwise, the value 0 is recommended. When the value -1 or 1 is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.
On exit: ifail=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

If on entry ifail=0 or -1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by x04aaf).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
ifail=1
On entry, corrupt state argument.
ifail=2
On entry, invalid theta: theta=value.
Constraint: theta-1.0.
ifail=3
On entry, n=value.
Constraint: n0.
ifail=4
On entry, invalid sorder.
Constraint: sorder=1 or 2.
ifail=6
On entry, ldx must be at least value: ldx=value.
ifail=7
On entry, sdx must be at least value: sdx=value.
ifail=-99
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
ifail=-399
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
ifail=-999
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 9 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

Not applicable.

8 Parallelism and Performance

g05ref is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

In practice, the need for numerical stability restricts the range of θ such that: where εs is the safe-range parameter, the value of which is returned by x02amf; and ε is the machine precision returned by x02ajf.

10 Example

This example generates thirteen variates for copula C-0.8.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (g05refe.f90)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (g05refe.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (g05refe.r)