Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia https://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

1: $order$ – Nag_OrderType Input

On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by

order = Nag_RowMajor

. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.

Constraint:

order = Nag_RowMajor

Nag_ColMajor

2: $n$ – Integer Input

On entry:

n

, the number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the matrix

A

Constraint:

n \geq 0

3: $nrhs$ – Integer Input

On entry:

r

, the number of right-hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix

B

Constraint:

nrhs \geq 0

4: $a [\dim]$ – double Input/Output

Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least

\max (1, pda \times n)

The

(i, j)

th element of the matrix

A

is stored in

$a [(j - 1) \times pda + i - 1]$ when $order = Nag_ColMajor$ ;
$a [(i - 1) \times pda + j - 1]$ when $order = Nag_RowMajor$ .

On entry: the

n

n

coefficient matrix

A

On exit: the factors

L

and

U

from the factorization

A = P L U

; the unit diagonal elements of

L

are not stored.

5: $pda$ – Integer Input

On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array a.

Constraint:

pda \geq \max (1, n)

6: $ipiv [n]$ – Integer Output

On exit: if no constraints are violated, the pivot indices that define the permutation matrix

P

; at the

i

th step row

i

of the matrix was interchanged with row

ipiv [i - 1]

ipiv [i - 1] = i

indicates a row interchange was not required.

7: $b [\dim]$ – double Input/Output

Note: the dimension, dim, of the array b must be at least

$\max (1, pdb \times nrhs)$ when $order = Nag_ColMajor$ ;
$\max (1, n \times pdb)$ when $order = Nag_RowMajor$ .

The

(i, j)

th element of the matrix

B

is stored in

$b [(j - 1) \times pdb + i - 1]$ when $order = Nag_ColMajor$ ;
$b [(i - 1) \times pdb + j - 1]$ when $order = Nag_RowMajor$ .

On entry: the

n

r

right-hand side matrix

B

On exit: if

fail . code =

NE_NOERROR, the

n

r

solution matrix

X

8: $pdb$ – Integer Input

On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array b.

Constraints:

if $order = Nag_ColMajor$ , $pdb \geq \max (1, n)$ ;
if $order = Nag_RowMajor$ , $pdb \geq \max (1, nrhs)$ .

9: $fail$ – NagError * Input/Output

The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL: Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM: On entry, argument $〈value〉$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT: On entry, $n = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $n \geq 0$ .

On entry, $nrhs = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $nrhs \geq 0$ .

On entry, $pda = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $pda > 0$ .

On entry, $pdb = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $pdb > 0$ .
NE_INT_2: On entry, $pda = 〈value〉$ and $n = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $pda \geq \max (1, n)$ .

On entry, $pdb = 〈value〉$ and $n = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $pdb \geq \max (1, n)$ .

On entry, $pdb = 〈value〉$ and $nrhs = 〈value〉$ .
Constraint: $pdb \geq \max (1, nrhs)$ .
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR: An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE: Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_SINGULAR: Element $〈value〉$ of the diagonal is exactly zero. The factorization has been completed, but the factor $U$ is exactly singular, so the solution could not be computed.

7 Accuracy

The computed solution for a single right-hand side,

\hat{x}

, satisfies the equation of the form

(A + E) \hat{x} = b,

where

{‖E‖}_{1} = O (ε) {‖A‖}_{1}

and

ε

is the machine precision. An approximate error bound for the computed solution is given by

\frac{{‖\hat{x} - x‖}_{1}}{{‖x‖}_{1}} \leq κ (A) \frac{{‖E‖}_{1}}{{‖A‖}_{1}}

where

κ (A) = {‖A^{- 1}‖}_{1} {‖A‖}_{1}

, the condition number of

A

with respect to the solution of the linear equations. See Section 4.4 of Anderson et al. (1999) for further details.

Following the use of f07aac, f07agc can be used to estimate the condition number of

A

and f07ahc can be used to obtain approximate error bounds. Alternatives to f07aac, which return condition and error estimates directly are f04bac and f07abc.

8 Parallelism and Performance

f07aac is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.

f07aac makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.

Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of floating-point operations is approximately

\frac{2}{3} n^{3} + 2 n^{2} r

, where

r

is the number of right-hand sides.

The complex analogue of this function is f07anc.

10 Example

This example solves the equations

A x = b,

where

A

is the general matrix

A = (\begin{matrix} 1.80 & 2.88 & 2.05 & - 0.89 \\ 5.25 & - 2.95 & - 0.95 & - 3.80 \\ 1.58 & - 2.69 & - 2.90 & - 1.04 \\ - 1.11 & - 0.66 & - 0.59 & 0.80 \end{matrix}) and b = (\begin{matrix} 9.52 \\ 24.35 \\ 0.77 \\ - 6.22 \end{matrix}) .

Details of the

L U

factorization of

A

are also output.

f07aa: FL CL CPP AD

NAG CL Interfacef07aac (dgesv)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG CL Interface
f07aac (dgesv)