NAG FL Interface
f12fbf (real_symm_iter)
Note: this routine uses optional parameters to define choices in the problem specification. If you wish to use default
settings for all of the optional parameters, then the option setting routine f12fdf need not be called.
If, however, you wish to reset some or all of the settings please refer to Section 11 in f12fdf for a detailed description of the specification of the optional parameters.
1
Purpose
f12fbf is an iterative solver in a suite of routines consisting of
f12faf,
f12fbf,
f12fcf,
f12fdf and
f12fef. It is used to find some of the eigenvalues (and optionally the corresponding eigenvectors) of a standard or generalized eigenvalue problem defined by real symmetric matrices.
2
Specification
Fortran Interface
Integer, Intent (In) |
:: |
ldv |
Integer, Intent (Inout) |
:: |
irevcm, icomm(*), ifail |
Integer, Intent (Out) |
:: |
nshift |
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) |
:: |
resid(*), v(ldv,*), x(*), mx(*), comm(*) |
|
C++ Header Interface
#include <nag.h> extern "C" {
}
|
The routine may be called by the names f12fbf or nagf_sparseig_real_symm_iter.
3
Description
The suite of routines is designed to calculate some of the eigenvalues, , (and optionally the corresponding eigenvectors, ) of a standard eigenvalue problem , or of a generalized eigenvalue problem of order , where is large and the coefficient matrices and are sparse, real and symmetric. The suite can also be used to find selected eigenvalues/eigenvectors of smaller scale dense, real and symmetric problems.
f12fbf is a
reverse communication routine, based on the ARPACK routine
dsaupd, using the Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi iteration method, which for symmetric problems reduces to a variant of the Lanczos method. The method is described in
Lehoucq and Sorensen (1996) and
Lehoucq (2001) while its use within the ARPACK software is described in great detail in
Lehoucq et al. (1998). An evaluation of software for computing eigenvalues of sparse symmetric matrices is provided in
Lehoucq and Scott (1996). This suite of routines offers the same functionality as the ARPACK software for real symmetric problems, but the interface design is quite different in order to make the option setting clearer and to simplify the interface of
f12fbf.
The setup routine
f12faf must be called before
f12fbf, the reverse communication iterative solver. Options may be set for
f12fbf by prior calls to the option setting routine
f12fdf and a post-processing routine
f12fcf must be called following a successful final exit from
f12fbf.
f12fef, may be called following certain flagged, intermediate exits from
f12fbf to provide additional monitoring information about the computation.
f12fbf uses
reverse communication, i.e., it returns repeatedly to the calling program with the argument
irevcm (see
Section 5) set to specified values which require the calling program to carry out one of the following tasks:
-
–compute the matrix-vector product , where is defined by the computational mode;
-
–compute the matrix-vector product ;
-
–notify the completion of the computation;
-
–allow the calling program to monitor the solution.
The problem type to be solved (standard or generalized), the spectrum of eigenvalues of interest, the mode used (regular, regular inverse, shifted inverse, Buckling or Cayley) and other options can all be set using the option setting routine
f12fdf.
4
References
Lehoucq R B (2001) Implicitly restarted Arnoldi methods and subspace iteration SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 23 551–562
Lehoucq R B and Scott J A (1996) An evaluation of software for computing eigenvalues of sparse nonsymmetric matrices Preprint MCS-P547-1195 Argonne National Laboratory
Lehoucq R B and Sorensen D C (1996) Deflation techniques for an implicitly restarted Arnoldi iteration SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 17 789–821
Lehoucq R B, Sorensen D C and Yang C (1998) ARPACK Users' Guide: Solution of Large-scale Eigenvalue Problems with Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Methods SIAM, Philidelphia
5
Arguments
Note: this routine uses
reverse communication. Its use involves an initial entry, intermediate exits and re-entries, and a final exit, as indicated by the argument
irevcm. Between intermediate exits and re-entries,
all arguments other than x, mx and comm must remain unchanged.
-
1:
– Integer
Input/Output
-
On initial entry: , otherwise an error condition will be raised.
On intermediate re-entry: must be unchanged from its previous exit value. Changing
irevcm to any other value between calls will result in an error.
On intermediate exit:
has the following meanings.
- The calling program must compute the matrix-vector product , where is stored in x (by default) or in the array comm (starting from the location given by the first element of icomm) when the option is set in a prior call to f12fdf. The result is returned in x (by default) or in the array comm (starting from the location given by the second element of icomm) when the option is set.
- The calling program must compute the matrix-vector product . This is similar to the case except that the result of the matrix-vector product (as required in some computational modes) has already been computed and is available in mx (by default) or in the array comm (starting from the location given by the third element of icomm) when the option is set.
- The calling program must compute the matrix-vector product , where is stored in x and is returned in mx (by default) or in the array comm (starting from the location given by the second element of icomm) when the option is set.
- Compute the nshift real and imaginary parts of the shifts where the real parts are to be returned in the first nshift locations of the array x and the imaginary parts are to be returned in the first nshift locations of the array mx. Only complex conjugate pairs of shifts may be applied and the pairs must be placed in consecutive locations. This value of irevcm will only arise if the optional parameter Supplied Shifts is set in a prior call to f12fdf which is intended for experienced users only; the default and recommended option is to use exact shifts (see Lehoucq et al. (1998) for details and guidance on the choice of shift strategies).
- Monitoring step: a call to f12fef can now be made to return the number of Arnoldi iterations, the number of converged Ritz values, their real and imaginary parts, and the corresponding Ritz estimates.
On final exit:
:
f12fbf has completed its tasks. The value of
ifail determines whether the iteration has been successfully completed, or whether errors have been detected. On successful completion
f12fcf must be called to return the requested eigenvalues and eigenvectors (and/or Schur vectors).
Constraint:
on initial entry,
; on re-entry
irevcm must remain unchanged.
Note: any values you return to f12fbf as part of the reverse communication procedure should not include floating-point NaN (Not a Number) or infinity values, since these are not handled by f12fbf. If your code does inadvertently return any NaNs or infinities, f12fbf is likely to produce unexpected results.
-
2:
– Real (Kind=nag_wp) array
Input/Output
-
Note: the dimension of the array
resid
must be at least
(see
f12faf).
On initial entry: need not be set unless the option
Initial Residual has been set in a prior call to
f12fdf in which case
resid should contain an initial residual vector, possibly from a previous run.
On intermediate re-entry: must be unchanged from its previous exit. Changing
resid to any other value between calls may result in an error exit.
On intermediate exit:
contains the current residual vector.
On final exit: contains the final residual vector.
-
3:
– Real (Kind=nag_wp) array
Input/Output
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
v
must be at least
(see
f12faf).
On initial entry: need not be set.
On intermediate re-entry: must be unchanged from its previous exit.
On intermediate exit:
contains the current set of Arnoldi basis vectors.
On final exit: contains the final set of Arnoldi basis vectors.
-
4:
– Integer
Input
-
On entry: the first dimension of the array
v as declared in the (sub)program from which
f12fbf is called.
Constraint:
.
-
5:
– Real (Kind=nag_wp) array
Input/Output
-
Note: the dimension of the array
x
must be at least
if
(default) and at least
if
(see
f12faf).
On initial entry: need not be set, it is used as a convenient mechanism for accessing elements of
comm.
On intermediate re-entry: if
,
x need not be set.
If
,
x must contain the result of
when
irevcm returns the value
or
. It must return the real parts of the computed shifts when
irevcm returns the value
.
On intermediate exit:
if
,
x is not referenced.
If
,
x contains the vector
when
irevcm returns the value
or
.
On final exit: does not contain useful data.
-
6:
– Real (Kind=nag_wp) array
Input/Output
-
Note: the dimension of the array
mx
must be at least
if
(default) and at least
if
(see
f12faf).
On initial entry: need not be set, it is used as a convenient mechanism for accessing elements of
comm.
On intermediate re-entry: if
,
mx need not be set.
If
,
mx must contain the result of
when
irevcm returns the value
. It must return the imaginary parts of the computed shifts when
irevcm returns the value
.
On intermediate exit:
if
,
mx is not referenced.
If
,
mx contains the vector
when
irevcm returns the value
.
On final exit: does not contain any useful data.
-
7:
– Integer
Output
-
On intermediate exit:
if the option
Supplied Shifts is set and
irevcm returns a value of
,
nshift returns the number of complex shifts required.
-
8:
– Real (Kind=nag_wp) array
Communication Array
-
Note: the actual argument supplied
must be the array
comm supplied to the initialization routine
f12faf.
On initial entry: must remain unchanged following a call to the setup routine
f12faf.
On exit: contains data defining the current state of the iterative process.
-
9:
– Integer array
Communication Array
-
Note: the actual argument supplied
must be the array
icomm supplied to the initialization routine
f12faf.
On initial entry: must remain unchanged following a call to the setup routine
f12faf.
On exit: contains data defining the current state of the iterative process.
-
10:
– Integer
Input/Output
-
On initial entry:
ifail must be set to
,
. If you are unfamiliar with this argument you should refer to
Section 4 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value
is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value
is recommended. Otherwise, because for this routine the values of the output arguments may be useful even if
on exit, the recommended value is
.
When the value is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.
On intermediate exit:
the value of
ifail is meaningless and should be ignored.
On final exit: (i.e., when
)
, unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see
Section 6).
6
Error Indicators and Warnings
If on entry
or
, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by
x04aaf).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
-
The maximum number of iterations
, the option
Iteration Limit has been set to
.
-
The options
Generalized and
Regular are incompatible.
-
Eigenvalues from both ends of the spectrum were requested, but the number of eigenvalues (see
nev in
f12faf) requested is one.
-
The option
Initial Residual was selected but the starting vector held in
resid is zero.
-
The maximum number of iterations has been reached. The maximum number of
. The number of converged eigenvalues
. The post-processing routine
f12fcf may be called to recover the converged eigenvalues at this point. Alternatively, the maximum number of iterations may be increased by a call to the option setting routine
f12fdf and the reverse communication loop restarted. A large number of iterations may indicate a poor choice for the values of
nev and
ncv; it is advisable to experiment with these values to reduce the number of iterations (see
f12faf).
-
No shifts could be applied during a cycle of the implicitly restarted Lanczos iteration.
-
Could not build a Lanczos factorization. The size of the current Lanczos factorization .
-
Error in internal call to compute eigenvalues and corresponding error bounds of the current upper Hessenberg matrix. Please contact
NAG.
-
Either the routine was called without an initial call to the setup routine or the communication arrays have become corrupted.
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please
contact
NAG.
See
Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See
Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See
Section 9 in the Introduction to the NAG Library FL Interface for further information.
7
Accuracy
The relative accuracy of a Ritz value,
, is considered acceptable if its Ritz estimate
. The default
Tolerance used is the
machine precision given by
x02ajf.
8
Parallelism and Performance
f12fbf is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f12fbf makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the
X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the
Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.
None.
10
Example
For this routine two examples are presented, with a main program and two example problems given in Example 1 (EX1) and Example 2 (EX2).
Example 1 (EX1)
The example solves in shift-invert mode, where is obtained from the standard central difference discretization of the one-dimensional Laplacian operator with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. Eigenvalues closest to the shift are sought.
Example 2 (EX2)
This example illustrates the use of
f12fbf to compute the leading terms in the singular value decomposition of a real general matrix
. The example finds a few of the largest singular values (
) and corresponding right singular values (
) for the matrix
by solving the symmetric problem:
Here
is the
by
real matrix derived from the simplest finite difference discretization of the two-dimensional kernel
where
Note: this formulation is appropriate for the case . Reverse the rules of and in the case of .
10.1
Program Text
10.2
Program Data
10.3
Program Results