NAG CL Interface
c05avc (contfn_interval_rcomm)
1
Purpose
c05avc attempts to locate an interval containing a simple zero of a continuous function using a binary search. It uses reverse communication for evaluating the function.
2
Specification
void |
c05avc (double *x,
double fx,
double *h,
double boundl,
double boundu,
double *y,
double c[],
Integer *ind,
NagError *fail) |
|
The function may be called by the names: c05avc, nag_roots_contfn_interval_rcomm or nag_interval_zero_cont_func.
3
Description
You must supply an initial point
x and a step
h.
c05avc attempts to locate a short interval
containing a simple zero of
.
(On exit we may have
;
x is determined as the first point encountered in a binary search where the sign of
differs from the sign of
at the initial input point
x.) The function attempts to locate a zero of
using
h,
,
and
in turn as its basic step before quitting with an error exit if unsuccessful.
c05avc returns to the calling program for each evaluation of . On each return you should set and call c05avc again.
4
References
None.
5
Arguments
Note: this function uses
reverse communication. Its use involves an initial entry, intermediate exits and re-entries, and a final exit, as indicated by the argument
ind. Between intermediate exits and re-entries,
all arguments other than fx must remain unchanged.
-
1:
– double *
Input/Output
-
On initial entry: the best available approximation to the zero.
Constraint:
x must lie in the closed interval
(see below).
On intermediate exit:
contains the point at which must be evaluated before re-entry to the function.
On final exit: contains one end of an interval containing the zero, the other end being in
y, unless an error has occurred. If
NE_ZERO_NOT_FOUND,
x and
y are the end points of the largest interval searched. If a zero is located exactly, its value is returned in
x (and in
y).
-
2:
– double
Input
-
On initial entry: if
,
fx need not be set.
If
,
fx must contain
for the initial value of
x.
On intermediate re-entry: must contain
for the current value of
x.
-
3:
– double *
Input/Output
-
On initial entry: a basic step size which is used in the binary search for an interval containing a zero. The basic step sizes , and are used in turn when searching for the zero.
Constraint:
either
or
must lie inside the closed interval
.
h must be sufficiently large that
on the computer.
On final exit: is undefined.
-
4:
– double
Input
-
5:
– double
Input
-
On initial entry:
boundl and
boundu must contain respectively lower and upper bounds for the interval of search for the zero.
Constraint:
.
-
6:
– double *
Input/Output
-
On initial entry: need not be set.
On final exit: contains the closest point found to the final value of
x, such that
. If a value
x is found such that
,
. On final exit with
NE_ZERO_NOT_FOUND,
x and
y are the end points of the largest interval searched.
-
7:
– double
Communication Array
-
On initial entry: need not be set.
On final exit: if
NE_NOERROR or
NE_ZERO_NOT_FOUND,
contains
.
-
8:
– Integer *
Input/Output
-
On initial entry: must be set to
or
.
- fx need not be set.
- fx must contain .
On intermediate exit:
contains
or
. The calling program must evaluate
at
x, storing the result in
fx, and re-enter
c05avc with all other arguments unchanged.
On final exit: contains .
Constraint:
on entry , , or .
Note: any values you return to c05avc as part of the reverse communication procedure should not include floating-point NaN (Not a Number) or infinity values, since these are not handled by c05avc. If your code inadvertently does return any NaNs or infinities, c05avc is likely to produce unexpected results.
-
9:
– NagError *
Input/Output
-
The NAG error argument (see
Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).
6
Error Indicators and Warnings
- NE_ALLOC_FAIL
-
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See
Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
- NE_BAD_PARAM
-
On entry, argument had an illegal value.
- NE_INT
-
On entry, .
Constraint: , , or .
- NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
-
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact
NAG for assistance.
See
Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
- NE_NO_LICENCE
-
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See
Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
- NE_REAL_2
-
On entry, and .
Constraint: .
On entry,
and
.
Constraint:
h must be sufficiently large that
on the computer.
- NE_REAL_3
-
On entry, , and .
Constraint: .
- NE_REAL_4
-
On entry, , , and .
Constraint: either or must lie inside the closed interval .
- NE_ZERO_NOT_FOUND
-
An interval containing the zero could not be found. Try restarting with modified
x and
h.
7
Accuracy
c05avc is not intended to be used to obtain accurate approximations to the zero of
but rather to locate an interval containing a zero. This interval can then be used as input to an accurate rootfinder such as
c05ayc or
c05azc. The size of the interval determined depends somewhat unpredictably on the choice of
x and
h. The closer
x is to the root and the
smaller the initial value of
h, then, in general, the smaller (more accurate) the interval determined; however, the accuracy of this statement depends to some extent on the behaviour of
near
and on the size of
h.
8
Parallelism and Performance
c05avc is not threaded in any implementation.
For most problems, the time taken on each call to
c05avc will be negligible compared with the time spent evaluating
between calls to
c05avc. However, the initial value of
x and
h will clearly affect the timing. The closer
x is to the root, and the
larger the initial value of
h then the less time taken. (However taking a large
h can affect the accuracy and reliability of the function, see below.)
You are expected to choose
boundl and
boundu as physically (or mathematically) realistic limits on the interval of search. For example, it may be known, from physical arguments, that no zero of
of interest will lie outside
. Alternatively,
may be more expensive to evaluate for some values of
x than for others and such expensive evaluations can sometimes be avoided by careful choice of
boundl and
boundu.
The choice of
boundl and
boundu affects the search only in that these values provide physical limitations on the search values and that the search is terminated if it seems, from the available information about
, that the zero lies outside
. In this case (
NE_ZERO_NOT_FOUND on exit), only one of
and
may have been evaluated and a zero close to the other end of the interval could be missed. The actual interval searched is returned in the arguments
x and
y and you can call
c05avc again to search the remainder of the original interval.
Though
c05avc is intended primarily for determining an interval containing a zero of
, it may be used to shorten a known interval. This could be useful if, for example, a large interval containing the zero is known and it is also known that the root lies close to one end of the interval; by setting
x to this end of the interval and
h small, a short interval will usually be determined. However, it is worth noting that once any interval containing a zero has been determined, a call to
c05azc will usually be the most efficient way to calculate an interval of specified length containing the zero. To assist in this determination, the information in
fx and in
x,
y and
on successful exit from
c05avc is in the correct form for a call to function
c05azc with
.
If the calculation terminates because
, then on return
y is set to
x. (In fact,
on return only in this case.) In this case, there is no guarantee that the value in
x corresponds to a
simple zero and you should check whether it does.
One way to check this is to compute the derivative of
at the point
x, preferably analytically, or, if this is not possible, numerically, perhaps by using a central difference estimate. If
, then
x must correspond to a multiple zero of
rather than a simple zero.
10
Example
This example finds a sub-interval of containing a simple zero of . The zero nearest to is required and so we set initially.
10.1
Program Text
10.2
Program Data
None.
10.3
Program Results