Integer, Intent (In)	::	itype, n, ldz, lwork, lrwork, liwork
Integer, Intent (Out)	::	iwork(max(1,liwork)), info
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out)	::	w(n), rwork(max(1,lrwork))
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout)	::	ap(), bp(), z(ldz,*)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out)	::	work(max(1,lwork))
Character (1), Intent (In)	::	jobz, uplo

C Header Interface

#include <nag.h>

void

f08tqf_ (const Integer *itype, const char *jobz, const char *uplo, const Integer *n, Complex ap[], Complex bp[], double w[], Complex z[], const Integer *ldz, Complex work[], const Integer *lwork, double rwork[], const Integer *lrwork, Integer iwork[], const Integer *liwork, Integer *info, const Charlen length_jobz, const Charlen length_uplo)

The routine may be called by the names f08tqf, nagf_lapackeig_zhpgvd or its LAPACK name zhpgvd.

3 Description

f08tqf first performs a Cholesky factorization of the matrix

B

B = U^{H} U

, when

uplo ='U'

B = L L^{H}

, when

uplo ='L'

. The generalized problem is then reduced to a standard symmetric eigenvalue problem

C x = λ x,

which is solved for the eigenvalues and, optionally, the eigenvectors; the eigenvectors are then backtransformed to give the eigenvectors of the original problem.

For the problem

A z = λ B z

, the eigenvectors are normalized so that the matrix of eigenvectors,

z

, satisfies

Z^{H} A Z = Λ and Z^{H} B Z = I,

where

Λ

is the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the eigenvalues. For the problem

A B z = λ z

we correspondingly have

Z^{- 1} A Z^{- H} = Λ and Z^{H} B Z = I,

and for

B A z = λ z

we have

Z^{H} A Z = Λ and Z^{H} B^{- 1} Z = I .

4 References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia https://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

1: $itype$ – Integer Input

On entry: specifies the problem type to be solved.

$itype = 1$: $A z = λ B z$ .
$itype = 2$: $A B z = λ z$ .
$itype = 3$: $B A z = λ z$ .

Constraint:

itype = 1

2

3

2: $jobz$ – Character(1) Input

On entry: indicates whether eigenvectors are computed.

$jobz ='N'$: Only eigenvalues are computed.
$jobz ='V'$: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are computed.

Constraint:

jobz ='N'

'V'

3: $uplo$ – Character(1) Input

On entry: if

uplo ='U'

, the upper triangles of

A

and

B

are stored.

uplo ='L'

, the lower triangles of

A

and

B

are stored.

Constraint:

uplo ='U'

'L'

4: $n$ – Integer Input

On entry:

n

, the order of the matrices

A

and

B

Constraint:

n \geq 0

5: $ap (*)$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input/Output

Note: the dimension of the array ap must be at least

\max (1, n \times (n + 1) / 2)

On entry: the upper or lower triangle of the

n \times n

Hermitian matrix

A

, packed by columns.

More precisely,

if $uplo ='U'$ , the upper triangle of $A$ must be stored with element $A_{i j}$ in $ap (i + j (j - 1) / 2)$ for $i \leq j$ ;
if $uplo ='L'$ , the lower triangle of $A$ must be stored with element $A_{i j}$ in $ap (i + (2 n - j) (j - 1) / 2)$ for $i \geq j$ .

On exit: the contents of ap are destroyed.

6: $bp (*)$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input/Output

Note: the dimension of the array bp must be at least

\max (1, n \times (n + 1) / 2)

On entry: the upper or lower triangle of the

n \times n

Hermitian matrix

B

, packed by columns.

More precisely,

if $uplo ='U'$ , the upper triangle of $B$ must be stored with element $B_{i j}$ in $bp (i + j (j - 1) / 2)$ for $i \leq j$ ;
if $uplo ='L'$ , the lower triangle of $B$ must be stored with element $B_{i j}$ in $bp (i + (2 n - j) (j - 1) / 2)$ for $i \geq j$ .

On exit: the triangular factor

U

L

from the Cholesky factorization

B = U^{H} U

B = L L^{H}

, in the same storage format as

B

7: $w (n)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Output

On exit: the eigenvalues in ascending order.

8: $z (ldz, *)$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Output

Note: the second dimension of the array z must be at least

\max (1, n)

jobz ='V'

, and at least

1

otherwise.

On exit: if

jobz ='V'

, z contains the matrix

Z

of eigenvectors. The eigenvectors are normalized as follows:

if $itype = 1$ or $2$ , $Z^{H} B Z = I$ ;
if $itype = 3$ , $Z^{H} B^{- 1} Z = I$ .

jobz ='N'

, z is not referenced.

9: $ldz$ – Integer Input

On entry: the first dimension of the array z as declared in the (sub)program from which f08tqf is called.

Constraints:

if $jobz ='V'$ , $ldz \geq \max (1, n)$ ;
otherwise $ldz \geq 1$ .

10: $work (\max (1, lwork))$ – Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Workspace

On exit: if

info = 0

, the real part of

work (1)

contains the minimum value of lwork required for optimal performance.

11: $lwork$ – Integer Input

On entry: the dimension of the array work as declared in the (sub)program from which f08tqf is called.

lwork = −1

, a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the work, rwork and iwork arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the work, rwork and iwork arrays, and no error message related to lwork, lrwork or liwork is issued.

Constraints:

if $n \leq 1$ , $lwork \geq 1$ ;
if $jobz ='N'$ and $n > 1$ , $lwork \geq n$ ;
if $jobz ='V'$ and $n > 1$ , $lwork \geq 2 \times n$ .

12: $rwork (\max (1, lrwork))$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Workspace

On exit: if

info = 0

rwork (1)

returns the optimal lrwork.

13: $lrwork$ – Integer Input

On entry: the dimension of the array rwork as declared in the (sub)program from which f08tqf is called.

lrwork = −1

Constraints:

if $n \leq 1$ , $lrwork \geq 1$ ;
if $jobz ='N'$ and $n > 1$ , $lrwork \geq n$ ;
if $jobz ='V'$ and $n > 1$ , $lrwork \geq 1 + 5 \times n + 2 \times n^{2}$ .

14: $iwork (\max (1, liwork))$ – Integer array Workspace

On exit: if

info = 0

iwork (1)

returns the optimal liwork.

15: $liwork$ – Integer Input

On entry: the dimension of the array iwork as declared in the (sub)program from which f08tqf is called.

liwork = −1

Constraints:

if $jobz ='N'$ or $n \leq 1$ , $liwork \geq 1$ ;
if $jobz ='V'$ and $n > 1$ , $liwork \geq 3 + 5 \times n$ .

16: $info$ – Integer Output

On exit:

info = 0

unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

$info < 0$: If $info = - i$ , argument $i$ had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

$info = 1, \dots, n$: The algorithm failed to converge; $⟨ value ⟩$ off-diagonal elements of an intermediate tridiagonal form did not converge to zero.

$info > n$: If $info = n + ⟨ value ⟩$ , for $1 \leq ⟨ value ⟩ \leq n$ , then the leading minor of order $⟨ value ⟩$ of $B$ is not positive definite. The factorization of $B$ could not be completed and no eigenvalues or eigenvectors were computed.

7 Accuracy

B

is ill-conditioned with respect to inversion, then the error bounds for the computed eigenvalues and vectors may be large, although when the diagonal elements of

B

differ widely in magnitude the eigenvalues and eigenvectors may be less sensitive than the condition of

B

would suggest. See Section 4.10 of Anderson et al. (1999) for details of the error bounds.

The example program below illustrates the computation of approximate error bounds.

8 Parallelism and Performance

f08tqf is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.

f08tqf makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.

Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of floating-point operations is proportional to

n^{3}

The real analogue of this routine is f08tcf.

10 Example

This example finds all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the generalized Hermitian eigenproblem

A B z = λ z

, where

A = (\begin{array}{r} - 7.36 & 0.77 - 0.43 i & - 0.64 - 0.92 i & 3.01 - 6.97 i \\ 0.77 + 0.43 i & 3.49 & 2.19 + 4.45 i & 1.90 + 3.73 i \\ - 0.64 + 0.92 i & 2.19 - 4.45 i & 0.12 & 2.88 - 3.17 i \\ 3.01 + 6.97 i & 1.90 - 3.73 i & 2.88 + 3.17 i & - 2.54 \end{array})

and

B = (\begin{array}{r} 3.23 & 1.51 - 1.92 i & 1.90 + 0.84 i & 0.42 + 2.50 i \\ 1.51 + 1.92 i & 3.58 & - 0.23 + 1.11 i & - 1.18 + 1.37 i \\ 1.90 - 0.84 i & - 0.23 - 1.11 i & 4.09 & 2.33 - 0.14 i \\ 0.42 - 2.50 i & - 1.18 - 1.37 i & 2.33 + 0.14 i & 4.29 \end{array}),

together with an estimate of the condition number of

B

, and approximate error bounds for the computed eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

The example program for f08tnf illustrates solving a generalized Hermitian eigenproblem of the form

A z = λ B z

f08tq: FL CL CPP AD

NAG FL Interfacef08tqf (zhpgvd)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG FL Interface
f08tqf (zhpgvd)