The lower tail probability for the
-distribution with
degrees of freedom,
is defined by:
To calculate
a transformation of a gamma distribution is employed, i.e., a
-distribution with
degrees of freedom is equal to a gamma distribution with scale parameter
and shape parameter
.
The input arrays to this function are designed to allow maximum flexibility in the supply of vector arguments by re-using elements of any arrays that are shorter than the total number of evaluations required. See
Section 2.6 in the
G01 Chapter Introduction for further information.
-
1:
– Integer
Input
-
On entry: the length of the array
tail.
Constraint:
.
-
2:
– const Nag_TailProbability
Input
-
On entry: indicates whether the lower or upper tail probabilities are required. For
, for
:
- The lower tail probability is returned, i.e., .
- The upper tail probability is returned, i.e., .
Constraint:
or , for .
-
3:
– Integer
Input
-
On entry: the length of the array
x.
Constraint:
.
-
4:
– const double
Input
-
On entry: , the values of the variates with degrees of freedom with , .
Constraint:
, for .
-
5:
– Integer
Input
-
On entry: the length of the array
df.
Constraint:
.
-
6:
– const double
Input
-
On entry: , the degrees of freedom of the -distribution with , .
Constraint:
, for .
-
7:
– double
Output
-
Note: the dimension,
dim, of the array
p
must be at least
.
On exit: , the probabilities for the distribution.
-
8:
– Integer
Output
-
Note: the dimension,
dim, of the array
ivalid
must be at least
.
On exit:
indicates any errors with the input arguments, with
- No error.
- On entry, invalid value supplied in tail when calculating .
- On entry, .
- On entry, .
- The solution has failed to converge while calculating the gamma variate. The result returned should represent an approximation to the solution.
-
9:
– NagError *
Input/Output
-
The NAG error argument (see
Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).
A relative accuracy of five significant figures is obtained in most cases.
For higher accuracy the transformation described in
Section 3 may be used with a direct call to
s14bac.