The Studentized range statistic can be used as part of a multiple comparisons procedure such as the Newman–Keuls procedure or Duncan's multiple range test (see Montgomery (1984) and Winer (1970)).

For a Studentized range statistic the probability integral,

P (q; v, r)

, for

v

degrees of freedom and

r

groups can be written as:

P (q; v, r) = C \int_{0}^{\infty} x^{v - 1} e^{- v x^{2} / 2} {r \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} ϕ (y) {[Φ (y) - Φ (y - q x)]}^{r - 1} d y} d x,

where

C = \frac{v^{v / 2}}{Γ (v / 2) 2^{v / 2 - 1}}, ϕ (y) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 π}} e^{- y^{2} / 2} and Φ (y) = \int_{- \infty}^{y} ϕ (t) d t .

The above two-dimensional integral is evaluated using numerical quadrature with the upper and lower limits computed to give stated accuracy (see Section 7).

If the degrees of freedom

v

are greater than

2000

the probability integral can be approximated by its asymptotic form:

P (q; r) = r \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} ϕ (y) {[Φ (y) - Φ (y - q)]}^{r - 1} d y .

This integral is evaluated using d01smc.

4 References

NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

Lund R E and Lund J R (1983) Algorithm AS 190: probabilities and upper quartiles for the studentized range Appl. Statist. 32(2) 204–210

Montgomery D C (1984) Design and Analysis of Experiments Wiley

Winer B J (1970) Statistical Principles in Experimental Design McGraw–Hill

5 Arguments

1: $q$ – double Input: On entry: $q$ , the Studentized range statistic.

Constraint: $q > 0.0$ .
2: $v$ – double Input: On entry: $v$ , the number of degrees of freedom for the experimental error.

Constraint: $v \geq 1.0$ .
3: $ir$ – Integer Input: On entry: $r$ , the number of groups.

Constraint: $ir \geq 2$ .
4: $fail$ – NagError * Input/Output: The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

If on exit $fail . code =$ NE_INT or NE_REAL, then g01emc returns to $0.0$ .

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ACCURACY: There is some doubt as to whether full accuracy has been achieved. The returned value should be a reasonable estimate of the true value.
NE_ALLOC_FAIL: Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_INT: On entry, $ir = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $ir \geq 2$ .
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR: An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE: Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL: On entry, $q = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $q > 0.0$ .

On entry, $v = ⟨ value ⟩$ .
Constraint: $v \geq 1.0$ .

7 Accuracy

The returned value will have absolute accuracy to at least four decimal places (usually five), unless

fail . code =

NE_ACCURACY. When

fail . code =

NE_ACCURACY it is usual that the returned value will be a good estimate of the true value.

8 Parallelism and Performance

g01emc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.

Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

None.

10 Example

The lower tail probabilities for the distribution of the Studentized range statistic are computed and printed for a range of values of

q

ν

and

r

g01em: FL CL CPP AD

NAG CL Interfaceg01emc (prob_​studentized_​range)

▸▿ Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Arguments

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Parallelism and Performance

9 Further Comments

10 Example

10.1 Program Text

10.2 Program Data

10.3 Program Results

NAG CL Interface
g01emc (prob_studentized_range)