d02bj is the AD Library version of the primal routine d02bjf. Based (in the C++ interface) on overload resolution, d02bj can be used for primal, tangent and adjoint evaluation. It supports tangents and adjoints of first and second order.

2 Specification

Fortran Interface

Subroutine d02bj_AD_f (

ad_handle, x, xend, n, y, fcn, tol, relabs, output, g, w, ifail)

Integer, Intent (In)	::	n
Integer, Intent (Inout)	::	ifail
External	::	g, fcn, output
ADTYPE, Intent (In)	::	xend, tol
ADTYPE, Intent (Inout)	::	x, y(n)
ADTYPE, Intent (Out)	::	w(20*n)
Character (1), Intent (In)	::	relabs
Type (c_ptr), Intent (Inout)	::	ad_handle

Corresponding to the overloaded C++ function, the Fortran interface provides five routines with names reflecting the type used for active real arguments. The actual subroutine and type names are formed by replacing AD and ADTYPE in the above as follows:

when ADTYPE is	Real(kind=nag_wp)	then AD is p0w
when ADTYPE is	Type(nagad_a1w_w_rtype)	then AD is a1w
when ADTYPE is	Type(nagad_t1w_w_rtype)	then AD is t1w
when ADTYPE is	Type(nagad_a1t1w_w_rtype)	then AD is a1t1w
when ADTYPE is	Type(nagad_t2w_w_rtype)	then AD is t2w

C++ Header Interface

#include <dco.hpp>
#include <nagad.h>
namespace nag {
namespace ad {

void d02bj (

void *&ad_handle, ADTYPE &x, const ADTYPE &xend, const Integer &n, ADTYPE y[],
void (NAG_CALL fcn)(void *&ad_handle, const ADTYPE &x, const ADTYPE y[], ADTYPE f[]),
const ADTYPE &tol, const char *relabs,
void (NAG_CALL output)(void *&ad_handle, ADTYPE &xsol, const ADTYPE y[]),
void (NAG_CALL g)(void *&ad_handle, const ADTYPE &x, const ADTYPE y[], ADTYPE &retval),
ADTYPE w[], Integer &ifail)

}
}

The function is overloaded on ADTYPE which represents the type of active arguments. ADTYPE may be any of the following types:
double,
dco::ga1s<double>::type,
dco::gt1s<double>::type,
dco::gt1s<dco::gt1s<double>::type>::type,
dco::ga1s<dco::gt1s<double>::type>::type,

Note: this function can be used with AD tools other than dco/c++. For details, please contact NAG.

3 Description

d02bj is the AD Library version of the primal routine d02bjf.

d02bjf integrates a system of first-order ordinary differential equations over an interval with suitable initial conditions, using a fixed order Runge–Kutta method, until a user-specified function, if supplied, of the solution is zero, and returns the solution at points specified by you, if desired. For further information see Section 3 in the documentation for d02bjf.

4 References

Shampine L F (1994) Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations Chapman and Hall

5 Arguments

In addition to the arguments present in the interface of the primal routine, d02bj includes some arguments specific to AD.

A brief summary of the AD specific arguments is given below. For the remainder, links are provided to the corresponding argument from the primal routine. A tooltip popup for all arguments can be found by hovering over the argument name in Section 2 and in this section.

1: ad_handle – Pointer to AD Data Input/Output

On entry: a handle to the AD configuration data object, as created by x10aa.

2: x – ADTYPE Input/Output

3: xend – ADTYPE Input

4: n – Integer Input

5: y(n) – ADTYPE array Input/Output

6: fcn – Subroutine External Procedure

The specification of fcn is:

Fortran Interface

Subroutine fcn (

ad_handle, x, y, f)

ADTYPE, Intent (In)	::	x, y(*)
ADTYPE, Intent (Inout)	::	f(*)
Type (c_ptr), Intent (Inout)	::	ad_handle

C++ Header Interface

void fcn (

void *&ad_handle, const ADTYPE &x, const ADTYPE y[], ADTYPE f[])

1: ad_handle – Pointer to AD Data Input/Output: On entry: a handle to the AD configuration data object.
2: x – ADTYPE Input
3: y – ADTYPE array Input
4: f – ADTYPE array Output

7: tol – ADTYPE Input

8: relabs – character Input

9: output – Subroutine External Procedure

If a null pointer is used as the argument, then a NAG supplied routine will be used as the argument for this parameter (C++ only). For the Fortran interface, the NAG supplied routine d02bj_AD_x may be used as the actual argument for this parameter.

The specification of output is:

Fortran Interface

Subroutine output (

ad_handle, xsol, y)

ADTYPE, Intent (In)	::	y(*)
ADTYPE, Intent (Inout)	::	xsol
Type (c_ptr), Intent (Inout)	::	ad_handle

C++ Header Interface

void output (

void *&ad_handle, ADTYPE &xsol, const ADTYPE y[])

1: ad_handle – Pointer to AD Data Input/Output: On entry: a handle to the AD configuration data object.
2: xsol – ADTYPE Input/Output
3: y – ADTYPE array Input

10: g – Subroutine External Procedure

Note that g is a subroutine in this interface, returning the function value via the additional output parameter retval. If a null pointer is used as the argument, then a NAG supplied routine will be used as the argument for this parameter (C++ only). For the Fortran interface, the NAG supplied routine d02bj_AD_w may be used as the actual argument for this parameter.

The specification of g is:

Fortran Interface

Subroutine g (

ad_handle, x, y, retval)

ADTYPE, Intent (In)	::	x, y(*)
ADTYPE, Intent (Out)	::	retval
Type (c_ptr), Intent (Inout)	::	ad_handle

C++ Header Interface

void g (

void *&ad_handle, const ADTYPE &x, const ADTYPE y[], ADTYPE &retval)

1: ad_handle – Pointer to AD Data Input/Output: On entry: a handle to the AD configuration data object.
2: x – ADTYPE Input
3: y – ADTYPE array Input
4: retval – ADTYPE Output: On exit: the value of $g (x, y)$ at the specified point.

11: w( $20 \times n$ ) – ADTYPE array Workspace

12: ifail – Integer Input/Output

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

d02bj preserves all error codes from d02bjf and in addition can return:

$ifail = - 89$: An unexpected AD error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 4.8.2 in the NAG AD Library Introduction for further information.

$ifail = - 199$: The routine was called using a mode that has not yet been implemented.

$ifail = - 443$: On entry: ad_handle is nullptr.
This check is only made if the overloaded C++ interface is used with arguments not of type double.

$ifail = - 444$: A C++ exception was thrown.
The error message will show the details of the C++ exception text.

$ifail = - 899$: Dynamic memory allocation failed for AD.
See Section 4.8.1 in the NAG AD Library Introduction for further information.

7 Accuracy

Not applicable.

8 Parallelism and Performance

d02bj is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

None.

10 Example

The following examples are variants of the example for d02bjf, modified to demonstrate calling the NAG AD Library.

Description of the primal example.

This example illustrates the solution of four different problems. In each case the differential system (for a projectile) is

\begin{array}{l} y^{'} = \tan ϕ \\ v^{'} = \frac{- 0.032 \tan ϕ}{v} - \frac{0.02 v}{\cos ϕ} \\ ϕ^{'} = \frac{- 0.032}{v^{2}} \end{array}

over an interval

x = 0.0

xend = 10.0

starting with values

y = 0.5

v = 0.5

and

ϕ = π / 5

. We solve each of the following problems with local error tolerances

1.0E−4

and

1.0E−5

(i)To integrate to $x = 10.0$ producing intermediate output at intervals of $2.0$ until a root is encountered where $y = 0.0$ .
(ii)As (i) but with no intermediate output.
(iii)As (i) but with no termination on a root-finding condition.
(iv)As (i) but with no intermediate output and no root-finding termination condition.