NAG CL Interface
f08abc (dgeqrt)

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1 Purpose

f08abc recursively computes, with explicit blocking, the QR factorization of a real m×n matrix.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>
void  f08abc (Nag_OrderType order, Integer m, Integer n, Integer nb, double a[], Integer pda, double t[], Integer pdt, NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: f08abc, nag_lapackeig_dgeqrt or nag_dgeqrt.

3 Description

f08abc forms the QR factorization of an arbitrary rectangular real m×n matrix. No pivoting is performed.
It differs from f08aec in that it: requires an explicit block size; stores reflector factors that are upper triangular matrices of the chosen block size (rather than scalars); and recursively computes the QR factorization based on the algorithm of Elmroth and Gustavson (2000).
If mn, the factorization is given by:
A = Q ( R 0 ) ,  
where R is an n×n upper triangular matrix and Q is an m×m orthogonal matrix. It is sometimes more convenient to write the factorization as
A = ( Q1 Q2 ) ( R 0 ) ,  
which reduces to
A = Q1 R ,  
where Q1 consists of the first n columns of Q, and Q2 the remaining m-n columns.
If m<n, R is upper trapezoidal, and the factorization can be written
A = Q ( R1 R2 ) ,  
where R1 is upper triangular and R2 is rectangular.
The matrix Q is not formed explicitly but is represented as a product of min(m,n) elementary reflectors (see the F08 Chapter Introduction for details). Functions are provided to work with Q in this representation (see Section 9).
Note also that for any k<n, the information returned represents a QR factorization of the first k columns of the original matrix A.

4 References

Elmroth E and Gustavson F (2000) Applying Recursion to Serial and Parallel QR Factorization Leads to Better Performance IBM Journal of Research and Development. (Volume 44) 4 605–624
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (2012) Matrix Computations (4th Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

1: order Nag_OrderType Input
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by order=Nag_RowMajor. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: order=Nag_RowMajor or Nag_ColMajor.
2: m Integer Input
On entry: m, the number of rows of the matrix A.
Constraint: m0.
3: n Integer Input
On entry: n, the number of columns of the matrix A.
Constraint: n0.
4: nb Integer Input
On entry: the explicitly chosen block size to be used in computing the QR factorization. See Section 9 for details.
Constraint: if min(m,n)>0, 1nbmin(m,n).
5: a[dim] double Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least
  • max(1,pda×n) when order=Nag_ColMajor;
  • max(1,m×pda) when order=Nag_RowMajor.
The (i,j)th element of the matrix A is stored in
  • a[(j-1)×pda+i-1] when order=Nag_ColMajor;
  • a[(i-1)×pda+j-1] when order=Nag_RowMajor.
On entry: the m×n matrix A.
On exit: if mn, the elements below the diagonal are overwritten by details of the orthogonal matrix Q and the upper triangle is overwritten by the corresponding elements of the n×n upper triangular matrix R.
If m<n, the strictly lower triangular part is overwritten by details of the orthogonal matrix Q and the remaining elements are overwritten by the corresponding elements of the m×n upper trapezoidal matrix R.
6: pda Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array a.
Constraints:
  • if order=Nag_ColMajor, pdamax(1,m);
  • if order=Nag_RowMajor, pdamax(1,n).
7: t[dim] double Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array t must be at least
  • max(1,pdt×min(m,n)) when order=Nag_ColMajor;
  • max(1,nb×pdt) when order=Nag_RowMajor.
The (i,j)th element of the matrix T is stored in
  • t[(j-1)×pdt+i-1] when order=Nag_ColMajor;
  • t[(i-1)×pdt+j-1] when order=Nag_RowMajor.
On exit: further details of the orthogonal matrix Q. The number of blocks is b=knb, where k=min(m,n) and each block is of order nb except for the last block, which is of order k-(b-1)×nb. For each of the blocks, an upper triangular block reflector factor is computed: T1,T2,,Tb. These are stored in the nb×n matrix T as T=[T1|T2||Tb].
8: pdt Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array t.
Constraints:
  • if order=Nag_ColMajor, pdtnb;
  • if order=Nag_RowMajor, pdtmax(1,min(m,n)).
9: fail NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument value had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, m=value.
Constraint: m0.
On entry, n=value.
Constraint: n0.
NE_INT_2
On entry, pda=value and m=value.
Constraint: pdamax(1,m).
On entry, pda=value and n=value.
Constraint: pdamax(1,n).
On entry, pdt=value and nb=value.
Constraint: pdtnb.
NE_INT_3
On entry, nb=value, m=value and n=value.
Constraint: if min(m,n)>0, 1nbmin(m,n).
On entry, pdt=value, m=value and n=value.
Constraint: pdtmax(1,min(m,n)).
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

The computed factorization is the exact factorization of a nearby matrix (A+E), where
E2 = O(ε) A2 ,  
and ε is the machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

f08abc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of floating-point operations is approximately 23 n2 (3m-n) if mn or 23 m2 (3n-m) if m<n.
To apply Q to an arbitrary m×p real rectangular matrix C, f08abc may be followed by a call to f08acc . For example,
nag_lapackeig_dgemqrt(order,Nag_LeftSide,Nag_Trans,m,p,MIN(m,n),nb,a,pda,t,pdt, 
c,pdc,&fail)
forms the matrix product C=QTC.
To form the orthogonal matrix Q explicitly, simply initialize the m×m matrix C to the identity matrix and form C=QC using f08acc.
The block size, nb, used by f08abc is supplied explicitly through the interface. For moderate and large sizes of matrix, the block size can have a marked effect on the efficiency of the algorithm with the optimal value being dependent on problem size and platform. A value of nb=64min(m,n) is likely to achieve good efficiency and it is unlikely that an optimal value would exceed 340.
To compute a QR factorization with column pivoting, use f08bbc or f08bfc.
The complex analogue of this function is f08apc.

10 Example

This example solves the linear least squares problems
minimizeAxi-bi2 ,   i=1,2  
where b1 and b2 are the columns of the matrix B,
A = ( -0.57 -1.28 -0.39 0.25 -1.93 1.08 -0.31 -2.14 2.30 0.24 0.40 -0.35 -1.93 0.64 -0.66 0.08 0.15 0.30 0.15 -2.13 -0.02 1.03 -1.43 0.50 )   and   B= ( -2.67 0.41 -0.55 -3.10 3.34 -4.01 -0.77 2.76 0.48 -6.17 4.10 0.21 ) .  

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (f08abce.c)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (f08abce.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (f08abce.r)