NAG CL Interface
e02cbc (dim2_​cheb_​eval)

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1 Purpose

e02cbc evaluates a bivariate polynomial from the rectangular array of coefficients in its double Chebyshev series representation.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>
void  e02cbc (Integer mfirst, Integer mlast, Integer k, Integer l, const double x[], double xmin, double xmax, double y, double ymin, double ymax, double ff[], const double a[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: e02cbc, nag_fit_dim2_cheb_eval or nag_2d_cheb_eval.

3 Description

This function evaluates a bivariate polynomial (represented in double Chebyshev form) of degree k in one variable, x¯, and degree l in the other, y¯. The range of both variables is -1 to +1. However, these normalized variables will usually have been derived (as when the polynomial has been computed by e02cac, for example) from your original variables x and y by the transformations
x¯=2x-(xmax+xmin) (xmax-xmin)   and  y¯=2y-(ymax+ymin) (ymax-ymin) .  
(Here xmin and xmax are the ends of the range of x which has been transformed to the range -1 to +1 of x¯. ymin and ymax are correspondingly for y. See Section 9). For this reason, the function has been designed to accept values of x and y rather than x¯ and y¯, and so requires values of xmin, etc. to be supplied by you. In fact, for the sake of efficiency in appropriate cases, the function evaluates the polynomial for a sequence of values of x, all associated with the same value of y.
The double Chebyshev series can be written as
i=0kj=0laijTi(x¯)Tj(y¯),  
where Ti(x¯) is the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind of degree i and argument x¯, and Tj(y¯) is similarly defined. However the standard convention, followed in this function, is that coefficients in the above expression which have either i or j zero are written 12aij, instead of simply aij, and the coefficient with both i and j zero is written 14a0,0.
The function first forms ci=j=0laijTj(y¯), with ai,0 replaced by 12ai,0, for each of i=0,1,,k. The value of the double series is then obtained for each value of x, by summing ci×Ti(x¯), with c0 replaced by 12c0, over i=0,1,,k. The Clenshaw three term recurrence (see Clenshaw (1955)) with modifications due to Reinsch and Gentleman (1969) is used to form the sums.

4 References

Clenshaw C W (1955) A note on the summation of Chebyshev series Math. Tables Aids Comput. 9 118–120
Gentleman W M (1969) An error analysis of Goertzel's (Watt's) method for computing Fourier coefficients Comput. J. 12 160–165

5 Arguments

1: mfirst Integer Input
2: mlast Integer Input
On entry: the index of the first and last x value in the array x at which the evaluation is required respectively (see Section 9).
Constraint: mlastmfirst.
3: k Integer Input
4: l Integer Input
On entry: the degree k of x and l of y, respectively, in the polynomial.
Constraint: k0 and l0.
5: x[mlast] const double Input
On entry: x[i-1], for i=mfirst,,mlast, must contain the x values at which the evaluation is required.
Constraint: xminx[i-1]xmax, for all i.
6: xmin double Input
7: xmax double Input
On entry: the lower and upper ends, xmin and xmax, of the range of the variable x (see Section 3).
The values of xmin and xmax may depend on the value of y (e.g., when the polynomial has been derived using e02cac).
Constraint: xmax>xmin.
8: y double Input
On entry: the value of the y coordinate of all the points at which the evaluation is required.
Constraint: yminyymax.
9: ymin double Input
10: ymax double Input
On entry: the lower and upper ends, ymin and ymax, of the range of the variable y (see Section 3).
Constraint: ymax>ymin.
11: ff[mlast] double Output
On exit: ff[i-1] gives the value of the polynomial at the point (xi,y), for i=mfirst,,mlast.
12: a[dim] const double Input
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least ((k+1)×(l+1)).
On entry: the Chebyshev coefficients of the polynomial. The coefficient aij defined according to the standard convention (see Section 3) must be in a[i×(l+1)+j].
13: fail NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument value had an illegal value.
NE_INT_2
On entry, k=value and l=value.
Constraint: k0 and l0.
On entry, mfirst=value and mlast=value.
Constraint: mfirstmlast.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
Unexpected internal failure when evaluating the polynomial.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL_2
On entry, xmin=value and xmax=value.
Constraint: xmin<xmax.
On entry, y=value and ymax=value.
Constraint: yymax.
On entry, y=value and ymin=value.
Constraint: yymin.
On entry, ymin=value and ymax=value.
Constraint: ymin<ymax.
NE_REAL_ARRAY
On entry, I=value, x[I-1]=value and xmax=value.
Constraint: x[I-1]xmax.
On entry, I=value, x[I-1]=value and xmin=value.
Constraint: x[I-1]xmin.

7 Accuracy

The method is numerically stable in the sense that the computed values of the polynomial are exact for a set of coefficients which differ from those supplied by only a modest multiple of machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

e02cbc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The time taken is approximately proportional to (k+1)×(m+l+1), where m=mlast-mfirst+1, the number of points at which the evaluation is required.
This function is suitable for evaluating the polynomial surface fits produced by the function e02cac, which provides the array a in the required form. For this use, the values of ymin and ymax supplied to the present function must be the same as those supplied to e02cac. The same applies to xmin and xmax if they are independent of y. If they vary with y, their values must be consistent with those supplied to e02cac (see Section 9 in e02cac).
The arguments mfirst and mlast are intended to permit the selection of a segment of the array x which is to be associated with a particular value of y, when, for example, other segments of x are associated with other values of y. Such a case arises when, after using e02cac to fit a set of data, you wish to evaluate the resulting polynomial at all the data values. In this case, if the arguments x, y, mfirst and mlast of the present function are set respectively (in terms of arguments of e02cac) to x, y(S), 1+i=1 s-1m(i) and i=1sm(i), the function will compute values of the polynomial surface at all data points which have y[S-1] as their y coordinate (from which values the residuals of the fit may be derived).

10 Example

This example reads data in the following order, using the notation of the argument list above:
Nkl a[i-1], for ​i=1,2,,(k+1)×(l+1) yminymax y[i-1]M(i-1)xmin[i-1]xmax[i-1]X1(i)XM(i), for ​i=1,2,,N.  
For each line y=y[i-1] the polynomial is evaluated at M(i) equispaced points between X1(i) and XM(i) inclusive.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (e02cbce.c)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (e02cbce.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (e02cbce.r)
GnuplotProduced by GNUPLOT 4.6 patchlevel 3 Example Program Evaluation of Least-squares Bi-variate Polynomial Fit P(x,y) gnuplot_plot_1 gnuplot_plot_2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 y 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 x −10 −5 0 5 10 15