NAG Library Routine Document
F07FCF (DSPOSV)
1 Purpose
F07FCF (DSPOSV) uses the Cholesky factorization
to compute the solution to a real system of linear equations
where
is an
by
symmetric positive definite matrix and
and
are
by
matrices.
2 Specification
SUBROUTINE F07FCF ( |
UPLO, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, X, LDX, WORK, SWORK, ITER, INFO) |
INTEGER |
N, NRHS, LDA, LDB, LDX, ITER, INFO |
REAL (KIND=nag_wp) |
A(LDA,*), B(LDB,*), X(LDX,*), WORK(N,NRHS) |
REAL (KIND=nag_rp) |
SWORK(N*(N+NRHS)) |
CHARACTER(1) |
UPLO |
|
The routine may be called by its
LAPACK
name dsposv.
3 Description
F07FCF (DSPOSV) first attempts to factorize the matrix in reduced precision and use this factorization within an iterative refinement procedure to produce a solution with full precision normwise backward error quality (see below). If the approach fails the method switches to a full precision factorization and solve.
The iterative refinement can be more efficient than the corresponding direct full precision algorithm. Since the strategy implemented by F07FCF (DSPOSV) must perform iterative refinement on each right-hand side, any efficiency gains will reduce as the number of right-hand sides increases. Conversely, as the matrix size increases the cost of these iterative refinements become less significant relative to the cost of factorization. Thus, any efficiency gains will be greatest for a very small number of right-hand sides and for large matrix sizes. The cut-off values for the number of right-hand sides and matrix size, for which the iterative refinement strategy performs better, depends on the relative performance of the reduced and full precision factorization and back-substitution. F07FCF (DSPOSV) always attempts the iterative refinement strategy first; you are advised to compare the performance of F07FCF (DSPOSV) with that of its full precision counterpart
F07FAF (DPOSV) to determine whether this strategy is worthwhile for your particular problem dimensions.
The iterative refinement process is stopped if
where
ITER is the number of iterations carried out thus far. The process is also stopped if for all right-hand sides we have
where
is the
-norm of the residual,
is the
-norm of the solution,
is the
-norm of the matrix
and
is the
machine precision returned by
X02AJF.
4 References
Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999)
LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia
http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Higham N J (2002) Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms (2nd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia
5 Parameters
- 1: UPLO – CHARACTER(1)Input
On entry: specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of
is stored.
- The upper triangular part of is stored.
- The lower triangular part of is stored.
Constraint:
or .
- 2: N – INTEGERInput
On entry: , the number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the matrix .
Constraint:
.
- 3: NRHS – INTEGERInput
On entry: , the number of right-hand sides, i.e., the number of columns of the matrix .
Constraint:
.
- 4: A(LDA,) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
A
must be at least
.
On entry: the
by
symmetric positive definite matrix
.
- If , the upper triangular part of must be stored and the elements of the array below the diagonal are not referenced.
- If , the lower triangular part of must be stored and the elements of the array above the diagonal are not referenced.
On exit: if iterative refinement has been successfully used (
and
, see description below), then
A is unchanged. If full precision factorization has been used (
and
, see description below), then the array
contains the factor
or
from the Cholesky factorization
or
.
- 5: LDA – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
A as declared in the (sub)program from which F07FCF (DSPOSV) is called.
Constraint:
.
- 6: B(LDB,) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
B
must be at least
.
On entry: the right-hand side matrix .
- 7: LDB – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
B as declared in the (sub)program from which F07FCF (DSPOSV) is called.
Constraint:
.
- 8: X(LDX,) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
X
must be at least
.
On exit: if , the by solution matrix .
- 9: LDX – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
X as declared in the (sub)program from which F07FCF (DSPOSV) is called.
Constraint:
.
- 10: WORK(,) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
- 11: SWORK() – REAL (KIND=nag_rp) arrayWorkspace
Note: this array is utilized in the reduced precision computation, consequently its type nag_rp reflects this usage.
- 12: ITER – INTEGEROutput
On exit: information on the progress of the interative refinement process.
- Iterative refinement has failed for one of the reasons given below, full precision factorization has been performed instead.
|
The routine fell back to full precision for implementation- or machine-specific reasons. |
|
Narrowing the precision induced an overflow, the routine fell back to full precision. |
|
An intermediate reduced precision factorization failed. |
|
The maximum permitted number of iterations was exceeded. |
- Iterative refinement has been sucessfully used. ITER returns the number of iterations.
- 13: INFO – INTEGEROutput
On exit:
unless the routine detects an error (see
Section 6).
6 Error Indicators and Warnings
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
If , the th argument had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.
If , the leading minor of order of is not positive definite, so the factorization could not be completed, and the solution has not been computed.
7 Accuracy
For each right-hand side vector
, the computed solution
is the exact solution of a perturbed system of equations
, where
- if , ;
- if , ,
is a modest linear function of
, and
is the
machine precision. See Section 10.1 of
Higham (2002) for further details.
An approximate error bound for the computed solution is given by
where
, the condition number of
with respect to the solution of the linear equations. See Section 4.4 of
Anderson et al. (1999) for further details.
The complex analogue of this routine is
F07FQF (ZCPOSV).
9 Example
This example solves the equations
where
is the symmetric positive definite matrix
and
9.1 Program Text
Program Text (f07fcfe.f90)
9.2 Program Data
Program Data (f07fcfe.d)
9.3 Program Results
Program Results (f07fcfe.r)