NAG Library Routine Document

F08CWF (ZUNGRQ)

+− Contents

1 Purpose

2 Specification

3 Description

4 References

5 Parameters

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

7 Accuracy

8 Further Comments

+− 9 Example

9.1 Program Text

9.2 Program Data

9.3 Program Results

1 Purpose

F08CWF (ZUNGRQ) generates all or part of the complex

n

n

unitary matrix

Q

from an

R Q

factorization computed by F08CVF (ZGERQF).

2 Specification

SUBROUTINE F08CWF (

M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO)

INTEGER	M, N, K, LDA, LWORK, INFO
COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp)	A(LDA,), TAU(), WORK(max(1,LWORK))

The routine may be called by its LAPACK name zungrq.

3 Description

F08CWF (ZUNGRQ) is intended to be used following a call to F08CVF (ZGERQF), which performs an

R Q

factorization of a complex matrix

A

and represents the unitary matrix

Q

as a product of

k

elementary reflectors of order

n

This routine may be used to generate

Q

explicitly as a square matrix, or to form only its trailing rows.

Usually

Q

is determined from the

R Q

factorization of a

p

n

matrix

A

with

p \leq n

. The whole of

Q

may be computed by:

CALL ZUNGRQ(N,N,P,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)

(note that the matrix

A

must have at least

n

rows), or its trailing

p

rows as:

CALL ZUNGRQ(P,N,P,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)

The rows of

Q

returned by the last call form an orthonormal basis for the space spanned by the rows of

A

; thus F08CVF (ZGERQF) followed by F08CWF (ZUNGRQ) can be used to orthogonalize the rows of

A

The information returned by F08CVF (ZGERQF) also yields the

R Q

factorization of the trailing

k

rows of

A

, where

k < p

. The unitary matrix arising from this factorization can be computed by:

CALL ZUNGRQ(N,N,K,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)

or its leading

k

columns by:

CALL ZUNGRQ(K,N,K,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)

4 References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Parameters

1: M – INTEGERInput: On entry: $m$ , the number of rows of the matrix $Q$ .
Constraint: $M \geq 0$ .
2: N – INTEGERInput: On entry: $n$ , the number of columns of the matrix $Q$ .
Constraint: $N \geq M$ .
3: K – INTEGERInput: On entry: $k$ , the number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix $Q$ .
Constraint: $M \geq K \geq 0$ .
4: A(LDA, $*$ ) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output: Note: the second dimension of the array A must be at least $\max (1, N)$ .
On entry: details of the vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by F08CVF (ZGERQF).

On exit: the $m$ by $n$ matrix $Q$ .
5: LDA – INTEGERInput: On entry: the first dimension of the array A as declared in the (sub)program from which F08CWF (ZUNGRQ) is called.
Constraint: $LDA \geq \max (1, M)$ .
6: TAU( $*$ ) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput: Note: the dimension of the array TAU must be at least $\max (1, K)$ .
On entry: $TAU (i)$ must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector $H_{i}$ , as returned by F08CVF (ZGERQF).
7: WORK( $\max (1, LWORK)$ ) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace: On exit: if $INFO = 0$ , the real part of $WORK (1)$ contains the minimum value of LWORK required for optimal performance.
8: LWORK – INTEGERInput: On entry: the dimension of the array WORK as declared in the (sub)program from which F08CWF (ZUNGRQ) is called.
If $LWORK = - 1$ , a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued.

Suggested value: for optimal performance, $LWORK \geq N \times nb$ , where $nb$ is the optimal block size.
Constraint: $LWORK \geq \max (1, M)$ or $LWORK = - 1$ .
9: INFO – INTEGEROutput: On exit: $INFO = 0$ unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the routine:

$INFO < 0$: If $INFO = - i$ , argument $i$ had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

7 Accuracy

The computed matrix

Q

differs from an exactly unitary matrix by a matrix

E

such that

{‖E‖}_{2} = O ε

and

ε

is the machine precision.

8 Further Comments

The total number of floating point operations is approximately

16 m n k - 8 (m + n) k^{2} + \frac{16}{3} k^{3}

; when

m = k

this becomes

\frac{8}{3} m^{2} (3 n - m)

The real analogue of this routine is F08CJF (DORGRQ).

9 Example

This example generates the first four rows of the matrix

Q

of the

R Q

factorization of

A

as returned by F08CVF (ZGERQF), where

A = (\begin{array}{r} 0.96 - 0.81 i & - 0.98 + 1.98 i & 0.62 - 0.46 i & - 0.37 + 0.38 i & 0.83 + 0.51 i & 1.08 - 0.28 i \\ - 0.03 + 0.96 i & - 1.20 + 0.19 i & 1.01 + 0.02 i & 0.19 - 0.54 i & 0.20 + 0.01 i & 0.20 - 0.12 i \\ - 0.91 + 2.06 i & - 0.66 + 0.42 i & 0.63 - 0.17 i & - 0.98 - 0.36 i & - 0.17 - 0.46 i & - 0.07 + 1.23 i \\ - 0.05 + 0.41 i & - 0.81 + 0.56 i & - 1.11 + 0.60 i & 0.22 - 0.20 i & 1.47 + 1.59 i & 0.26 + 0.26 i \end{array}) .

Note that the block size (NB) of

64

assumed in this example is not realistic for such a small problem, but should be suitable for large problems.

NAG Library Routine DocumentF08CWF (ZUNGRQ)