NAG Library Routine Document

g05sef (dist_dirichlet)

1
Purpose

g05sef generates a vector of pseudorandom numbers taken from a Dirichlet distribution.

2
Specification

Fortran Interface
Subroutine g05sef ( n, m, a, state, x, ldx, ifail)
Integer, Intent (In):: n, m, ldx
Integer, Intent (Inout):: state(*), ifail
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In):: a(m)
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout):: x(ldx,*)
C Header Interface
#include <nagmk26.h>
void  g05sef_ (const Integer *n, const Integer *m, const double a[], Integer state[], double x[], const Integer *ldx, Integer *ifail)

3
Description

The distribution has PDF (probability density function)
fx = 1 Bα i=1 m x i αi - 1 and Bα = i=1 m Γ αi Γ i=1 m αi  
where x = x1,x2,,xm  is a vector of dimension m, such that xi>0 for all i and i=1 m xi=1.
g05sef generates a draw from a Dirichlet distribution by first drawing m independent samples, yigammaαi,1, i.e., independent draws from a gamma distribution with parameters αi>0 and one, and then setting xi=yi/ j=1 m yj.
One of the initialization routines g05kff (for a repeatable sequence if computed sequentially) or g05kgf (for a non-repeatable sequence) must be called prior to the first call to g05sef.

4
References

Dagpunar J (1988) Principles of Random Variate Generation Oxford University Press
Hastings N A J and Peacock J B (1975) Statistical Distributions Butterworth

5
Arguments

1:     n – IntegerInput
On entry: n, the number of pseudorandom numbers to be generated.
Constraint: n0.
2:     m – IntegerInput
On entry: m, the number of dimensions of the distribution.
Constraint: m>0.
3:     am – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput
On entry: the parameter vector for the distribution.
Constraint: ai>0.0, for i=1,2,,m.
4:     state* – Integer arrayCommunication Array
Note: the actual argument supplied must be the array state supplied to the initialization routines g05kff or g05kgf.
On entry: contains information on the selected base generator and its current state.
On exit: contains updated information on the state of the generator.
5:     xldx* – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayOutput
Note: the second dimension of the array x must be at least m.
On exit: the n pseudorandom numbers from the specified Dirichlet distribution, with xij holding the jth dimension for the ith variate.
6:     ldx – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array x as declared in the (sub)program from which g05sef is called.
Constraint: ldxn.
7:     ifail – IntegerInput/Output
On entry: ifail must be set to 0, -1 or 1. If you are unfamiliar with this argument you should refer to Section 3.4 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value -1 or 1 is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value 1 is recommended. Otherwise, if you are not familiar with this argument, the recommended value is 0. When the value -1 or 1 is used it is essential to test the value of ifail on exit.
On exit: ifail=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).

6
Error Indicators and Warnings

If on entry ifail=0 or -1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by x04aaf).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
ifail=1
On entry, n=value.
Constraint: n0.
ifail=2
On entry, m=value.
Constraint: m > 0.
ifail=3
On entry, at least one ai0.
ifail=4
On entry, state vector has been corrupted or not initialized.
ifail=6
On entry, ldx=value and n=value.
Constraint: ldxn.
ifail=-99
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 3.9 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
ifail=-399
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 3.8 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
ifail=-999
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.7 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.

7
Accuracy

Not applicable.

8
Parallelism and Performance

g05sef is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9
Further Comments

None.

10
Example

This example prints a set of five pseudorandom numbers from a Dirichlet distribution with parameters m=4 and α=2.0,2.0,2.0,2.0, generated by a single call to g05sef, after initialization by g05kff.

10.1
Program Text

Program Text (g05sefe.f90)

10.2
Program Data

Program Data (g05sefe.d)

10.3
Program Results

Program Results (g05sefe.r)